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41.
Krishan P. Singh 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1976,12(2):381-392
ABSTRACT. Unit hydrographs derived by using two methods, linear programming and least squares, are compared. Test data comprise rainfall and runoff information from four storms over the North Branch Potomac River near Cumberland, Maryland. The mathematical bases of these methods for unit-hydrograph derivation are explained. The linear programming method minimizes the sum of absolute deviations, and the least squares method minimizes the sum of the squares of deviations. Computer subroutines are readily available for application of these methods. The unit hydrographs derived with the two methods are practically the same for storms 2 and 3, but differ somewhat for storms 1 and 4. However, the reconstituted direct surface runoff hydrographs are similar to those observed with the exception of the hydrograph for storm 4 which had a relatively more non-uniform rainfall excess of a considerably larger duration. 相似文献
42.
Zia Qureshi 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1977,13(1):117-123
ABSTRACT: The Fort Walton Beach area is presently faced with an excessive drawdown of the potentiometric level in the upper Floridan aquifer. Based on available data, the potentiometric level in the Floridan aquifer has dropped 162 feet since 1936. This declining potentiometric level can lead to problems and possible loss of the natural resource on a long-term basis. However, if corrective measures or programs for proper management of groundwater resources are undertaken at this time, the potential problems may be averted. 相似文献
43.
ABSTRACT: Several methods for synthetic unit hydrographs are available in the literature. Most of these methods involve the hand fitting of a curve over a set of a few hydrograph points, which can sometimes be a subjective task. Besides, the user often finds it difficult or simply neglects to adjust the generated unit graph to a runoff volume of one unit (inch, cm, or mm). It is the purpose of this paper to present to the design hydrologist a simple method to fit a smooth gamma distribution over a single point specified by the unit hydrograph peak and the time to peak with a guaranteed unit depth of runoff. 相似文献
44.
针对电厂机组大(小)修中所遇到的安全管理方面的各种实际问题,提出了针对性强、可操作性强、实用有效的防范措施和管理方法. 相似文献
45.
采用泄漏检测与维修( LDAR)技术进行了全面检测和统计分析,分析泄漏的原因并通过维修减少泄漏。结果表明:芳烃抽提装置容易泄漏的元件主要为连接件和阀门,主要分布在泵区;SV≥5000μmol/mol的泄漏密封点占总密封点数的0.57%,对总泄漏量的贡献达到了82%,是造成泄漏排放的主要部分。设备管阀件泄漏造成的加工损失率为0.0009%,泄漏点停工维修修复率为83%,停工维修后整体泄漏率为0.03%;VOCs减排率为71%。 相似文献
46.
目的 解决目前水露点数据多为人工采用测量仪器测得,时效性低且成本高昂的问题。方法 建立一种基于极端梯度提升(XGBoost)和随机森林(RF)的天然气水露点预测方法。采用XGBoost方法对所有监测工艺参数进行分析,筛选出主要影响水露点的关键工艺特征参数,以排除无关特征参数对预测的干扰。建立RF预测模型,输入关键特征集参数,实现对水露点的实时预测。以重庆气矿某脱水监测系统监测数据与生产数据为例,对所提预测方法进行对比分析验证。结果 相较于XGBoost、SVM等预测方法,RF模型具有最佳的预测性能,且经过XGBoost特征选择后,RF预测结果的MAE值降低了0.016 9 ℃,RMSE值降低了0.014 6 ℃。结论 基于极端梯度提升与随机森林融合的水露点预测方法具有更优的预测精度与鲁棒性,对指导脱水现场生产具有积极作用。 相似文献
47.
Yun Ouyang Elizabeth A. Wentz Benjamin L. Ruddell Sharon L. Harlan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(2):448-467
Studies that evaluate determinants of residential water demand typically use data from a single spatial scale. Although household‐scale data are preferred, especially when econometric models are used, researchers may be limited to aggregate data. There is little, if any, empirical analysis to assess whether spatial scale may lead to ecological fallacy problems in residential water use research. Using linear mixed‐effects models, we compare the results for the relationship of single‐family water use with its determinants using data from the household and census tract scales in the city of Phoenix. Model results between the household and census tract scale are similar suggesting the ecological fallacy may not be significant. Common significant determinants on these two spatial scales include household size, household income, house age, pool size, irrigable lot size, precipitation, and temperature. We also use city/town scale data from the Phoenix metropolitan area to parameterize the linear mixed‐effects model. The difference in the parameter estimates of those common variables compared to the first two scales indicates there is spatial heterogeneity in the relationship between single‐family water use and its determinants among cities and towns. The negative relationship between single‐family house density and residential water use suggests that residential water consumption could be reduced through coordination of land use planning and water demand management. 相似文献
48.
关于区域可持续发展的系统分析 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
本文从更高、更新、更综合的高度和角度,对区域社会可持续发展系统进行了单元要素分析、结构层次分析。提出了三单元要素、三结构层次、三种发展类型的设想。这种分析尽管还是初步的、定性的、不很深刻的,但是为研究可持续发展系统提供了一种新的思路。 相似文献
49.
50.
恩施大龙潭水利枢纽于1995年5月完成环境影响评价,2003年8月开工建设,2006年5月建成投入使用,2006年10月进行竣工环保验收,验收审查时专家组发现,大坝下游至清江与带水河汇入口约700 m清江江段出现脱水现象,环保主管部门提出通过技术改造使大龙潭水利枢纽直接释放生态流量至电站坝下游,通过技术经济论证,大龙潭水利枢纽工程实施在水库大坝左岸8#坝段,将一处原用于龙凤坝自来水供给的预留管道口管道上追加连接一根长107 m直径为1.4 m的管道,将大坝上游的水引至左岸导流洞,在导流洞出口处安装一台1 600 kW小机组发电将出水直接放坝下游清江,使该河段电站坝下游脱水状态得到了恢复,经济和环境效益明显。 相似文献