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121.
122.
Shuangshuang Li Chengrong Peng Taisheng Cheng Chun Wang Liangliang Guo Dunhai Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(2):89-99
Biofilms mediate crucial biochemical processes in aquatic ecosystems. It was hypothesized that eutrophication may promote the growth of biofilms, resulting in larger numbers of functional genes. However, the metabolic activity and the roles of biofilms in N cycling will be affected by ambient inorganic nitrogen availability, not by the abundance of functional genes. Biofilms were cultured either with replete inorganic nitrogen(N-rep) or without exogenous inorganic nitrogen supply(N-def) in a flow incubator, and the N-cycling gene abundances(nifH, N_2 fixation; amoA, ammonia oxidation, archaea and bacteria; nirS and nirK, denitrification) and enzyme activities(nitrogenase and nitrate reductase) were analyzed. The results showed that, comparing the N-def and N-rep biofilms, the former contained lower nifH gene abundance, but higher nitrogenase activity(NA), while the latter contained higher nifH gene abundance, but lower NA. Different patterns of NA diel variations corresponded to the dynamic microbial community composition and different stages of biofilm colonization. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB), detected only in N-def biofilms, were responsible for nitrification in biofilms. N-rep biofilms contained high nirS and nirK gene abundance and high denitrification enzyme activity, but N-def biofilms contained significantly lower denitrification gene abundance and activity. In general,the strong N_2 fixation in N-def biofilms and strong denitrification in N-rep biofilms assured the balance of aquatic ecosystems. The results suggested that evaluation of the functional processes of N cycling should not only focus on genetic potential, but also on the physiological activity of biofilms. 相似文献
123.
The effects of free chlorine disinfection of tap water and wastewater effluents on the infectivity, gene integrity and surface antigens of rotaviruses were evaluated by a bench-scale chlorine disinfection experiments. Plaque assays, integrated cell culture-quantitative RT-PCR (ICC-RT-qPCR), RT-qPCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), respectively, were used to assess the influence of the disinfectant on virus infectivity as well as genetic and antigenic integrity of simian rotavirus SA11 as a surrogate for human rotaviruses. The ICC-RT-qPCR was able to detect rotaviruses survival from chlorine disinfection at chlorine dose up to 20 mg/L (60 min contact), which suggested a required chlorine dose of 5 folds (from 1 to 5 mg/L) higher than that indicated by the plaque assay to achieve 1.8 log10 reductions in tap water with 60 min exposing. The VP7 gene was more resistant than the infectivity and existed at chlorine dose up to 20 mg/L (60 min contact), while the antigencity was undetectable with chlorine dose more than 5 mg/L (60 min contact). The water quality also impacted the inactivation efficiencies, and rotaviruses have a relatively higher resistant in secondary effluents than in the tap water under the same chlorine disinfection treatments. This study indicated that rotaviruses have a higher infectivity, gene and antigencity resistance to chlorine than that previously indicated by plaque assay only, which seemed to underestimate the resistance of rotaviruses to chlorine and the risk of rotaviruses in environments. Present results also suggested that re-evaluation of resistance of other waterborne viruses after disinfections by more sensitive infectivity detection method (such as ICC-RT-qPCR) may be necessary, to determine the adequate disinfectant doses required for the inactivation of waterborne viruses. 相似文献
124.
荒漠绿洲农田生态系统是干旱区环境下人类活动显著的复合生态系统.土壤微生物抗生素抗性与人类健康和生态平衡关系密切.研究荒漠绿洲环境不同土地利用类型模式下土壤抗生素抗性基因的多样性、分布特征和影响因素,对于评估干旱区土壤环境健康风险,促进绿洲农业生态的发展具有重要意义.采用高通量测序和高通量定量PCR技术对荒漠绿洲土壤微生物的群落结构和抗生素抗性基因多样性开展了研究,旨在探究干旱区土壤抗性基因的分布特征及其驱动机制.结果表明,从沙漠边缘到绿洲,荒漠沙生植物土壤、棉花地土壤、玉米地土壤、芦苇地土壤和湖泊沉积物中抗生素抗性的种类和丰度显著增加,与土地利用变化关系密切,农田土壤是抗性基因的重要存储库;荒漠绿洲土壤微生物群落与抗生素抗性基因显著相关,硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)、沙漠细菌属(Pontibacter)、诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)、耐盐微杆菌属(Salinimicrobium)、土壤红杆菌属(Solirubrobacter)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces)等是各类抗性基因重要的潜在携带者;干旱区土壤中重(类)金属元素和可移动基因元件,与微生物群落共同塑造了抗生... 相似文献
125.
微塑料（MPs）在土壤环境中的作用和影响逐渐受到关注,但其对土壤氮素循环及其影响机制并不明确.氧化亚氮（N2O）是农田土壤氮素循环中重要的温室气体之一,其主要来源于微生物参与的氮转化过程.微塑料对土壤氮转化过程及相关功能酶和基因都能够产生影响,其在土壤中不断富集可能造成土壤N2O排放规律的改变.由于微塑料自身的复杂性以及不同试验在时空上的变异,导致微塑料对土壤氮素转化和N2O排放产生不同了影响,增大了对土壤N2O排放和土壤氮素转化的评估难度.目前,微塑料在土壤N2O排放、氮素含量、相关功能酶活性和功能基因丰度的研究上未得出统一的结论,缺少在更广的尺度（如盆栽尺度）、更多元的角度（如反硝化过程、DNRA过程等）和更先进的手段上（如同位素技术）探究其影响机制的研究.因此,通过归纳微塑料对土壤氮循环影响的不同观点,能更全面地认识微塑料对土壤氮循环存在的影响,可为气候变化条件下土壤微塑料富集对土壤氮素循环过程以及N2O排放规律的影响提供一定的理论基础. 相似文献
126.
考察了丝状菌污泥膨胀对有效体积为10 m 3,流量为300 m 3/d中试规模反硝化反应器性能的影响,并利用高通量测序法分析了菌群结构的变化。在反应器正常运行66 d时,观测到污泥膨胀现象,污泥沉降性能明显恶化,SV30由30%增至85%,反应器内生物量也随之降低,污泥浓度由3 300 mg/L降至1 400 mg/L。镜检发现,污泥膨胀后出现大量的丝状菌,紧密的菌胶团受到破坏,说明此次污泥膨胀主要由丝状菌引起;高通量测序结果也证实了发硫菌属(Thiothrix)、纤毛属(Leptothrix)和束缚杆菌属(Haliscomenobacter)等丝状细菌在污泥膨胀后富集,由丝状菌类型和环境因素的变化推断高硫化物浓度和低溶解氧浓度是污泥膨胀的诱因。尽管发生了污泥膨胀和污泥流失,反应器反硝化性能并未降低,这可能与Methyloversatilis、氢噬胞菌属(Hydrogenophaga)和Thiothrix等具有反硝化功能的菌属丰度增大(分别为29.74%、1.69%和3.45%)有关。此外,菌群结构的变化也是导致功能基因丰度改变的原因之一。 相似文献
127.
抗生素广泛应用于治疗细菌感染等疾病,然而抗生素的滥用导致了抗性细菌和胞内胞外抗性基因的传播扩散,使我国成为抗生素耐药性发生率最高的国家之一,威胁大众健康.作为环境新污染物之一的胞外抗性基因可长期存在于水中,通过基因水平转移在不同细菌之间进行传递,从而导致抗药性的传播.目前受限于检测分析方法,水中胞外抗性基因的深入研究鲜见报道,无法对其进行有效的监管与风险评估.基于文献分析与调研,阐述了水中胞外抗性基因的污染来源、现状及特征,比对分析了其富集与回收方法的优缺点,并通过实践案例对富集与回收方法进行验证,以期为探讨水中胞外抗性基因对抗生素抗药性传播等研究提供理论借鉴,为胞外抗性基因的阻控及其健康风险评估提供技术依据. 相似文献
128.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2024,36(1):59-71
Fouling of landfill leachate, a biofilm formation process on the surface of the collection system, migration pipeline and treatment system causes low efficiency of leachate transportation and treatment and increases cost for maintenance of those facilities. In addition, landfill leachate fouling might accumulate pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), posing threats to the environment. Characterization of the landfill leachate fouling and its associated environmental behavior is essential for the management of fouling. In this study, physicochemical and biological properties of landfill leachate fouling and the possible accumulation capacity of pathogens and ARGs were investigated in nitrification (aerobic condition) and denitrification (anaerobic condition) process during landfill leachate biological treatment, respectively. Results show that microbial (bacterial, archaeal, eukaryotic, and viral) community structure and function (carbon fixation, methanogenesis, nitrification and denitrification) differed in fouling under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, driven by the supplemental leachate water quality. Aerobic fouling had a higher abundance of nitrification and denitrification functional genes, while anaerobic fouling harbored a higher abundance of carbon fixation and methanogenesis genes. Both forms of leachate fouling had a higher abundance of pathogens and ARGs than the associated leachate, suggesting the accumulation capacity of fouling on biotic pollutants. Specifically, aerobic fouling harbored three orders of magnitude higher multidrug resistance genes mexD than its associated leachate. This finding provides fundamental knowledge on the biological properties of leachate fouling and suggests that leachate fouling might harbor significant pathogens and ARGs. 相似文献
129.
Nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds are key pollutants in coking wastewater; however, the functional potential of microbial communities for biodegradation of such contaminants during biological treatment is still elusive. Herein, a high throughput functional gene array (GeoChip 5.0) in combination with Illumina HiSeq2500 sequencing was used to compare and characterize the microbial community functional structure in a long run (500 days) bench scale bioreactor treating coking wastewater, with a control system treating synthetic wastewater. Despite the inhibitory toxic pollutants, GeoChip 5.0 detected almost all key functional gene (average 61,940 genes) categories in the coking wastewater sludge. With higher abundance, aromatic ring cleavage dioxygenase genes including multi ring1,2diox; one ring2,3diox; catechol represented significant functional potential for degradation of aromatic pollutants which was further confirmed by Illumina HiSeq2500 analysis results. Response ratio analysis revealed that three nitrogenous compound degrading genes- nbzA (nitro-aromatics), tdnB (aniline), and scnABC (thiocyanate) were unique for coking wastewater treatment, which might be strong cause to increase ammonia level during the aerobic process. Additionally, HiSeq2500 elucidated carbozole and isoquinoline degradation genes in the system. These findings expanded our understanding on functional potential of microbial communities to remove organic nitrogenous pollutants; hence it will be useful in optimization strategies for biological treatment of coking wastewater. 相似文献
130.
使用普通PCR和荧光定量PCR方法对珠江口典型水产养殖区水和沉积物中3种磺胺类、7种四环素类、1种喹诺酮类抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)和1种整合子基因进行了定性和定量研究.结果表明,除tetW外,所有其他ARGs在珠江口养殖区中均被检出,其中sul1、sul2和int1的检出率为100%.相同养殖模式下,养殖时间越长ARGs的相对含量越高,表明ARGs具有累积效应;不同养殖模式池塘中ARGs的含量存在差异,表明养殖模式可能影响ARGs的含量与分布.int1相对含量与sul1和ARGs总量之间均存在显著相关性(P<0.05),表明int1在ARGs的水平传播中起着非常重要的作用.此外,珠江口水产养殖区沉积物中抗生素浓度与ARGs总量存在显著相关性(P<0.05),说明水产养殖区中抗生素残留是诱导养殖区ARGs的主要因素. 相似文献