梯度洗脱离子色谱法测定宁波地区降水中的6种阴离子

建立了梯度洗脱离子色谱法同时测定降水样品中的氟离子、乙酸、甲酸、氯离子、硝酸根和硫酸根等6种有机酸和无机酸阴离子的测定方法。利用ICS-3000型离子色谱仪配备的氢氧化钾淋洗液发生器,产生梯度氢氧化钾溶液,结果显示在18min内很好地完成了6种离子的同时分离测定。该方法的回收率在90%～105%之间,测试的相对标准偏差小于3.6%。此方法操作简便、准确、实用,是南方地区降水样品较理想的阴离子检测方法。     

Ozone flux over a Norway spruce forest and correlation with net ecosystem production

Daily ozone deposition flux to a Norway spruce forest in Czech Republic was measured using the gradient method in July and August 2008. Results were in good agreement with a deposition flux model. The mean daily stomatal uptake of ozone was around 47% of total deposition. Average deposition velocity was 0.39 cm s⁻¹ and 0.36 cm s⁻¹ by the gradient method and the deposition model, respectively. Measured and modelled non-stomatal uptake was around 0.2 cm s⁻¹. In addition, net ecosystem production (NEP) was measured by using Eddy Covariance and correlations with O₃ concentrations at 15 m a.g.l., total deposition and stomatal uptake were tested. Total deposition and stomatal uptake of ozone significantly decreased NEP, especially by high intensities of solar radiation.     

铁路线路坡度对列车运行能耗的影响分析

基于列车运行功能转化方程,分析铁路线路坡度对列车运行能耗的影响,阐述线路坡度起伏、拔起高度、节能坡等选线设计要素对列车运行能耗的影响机理,得出坡度对列车运行能耗影响显著、线路起伏在相应的"临界坡度"值以下对列车运行能耗无影响、拔起高度与下坡坡段长度比值可近似判别线路方案的节能状态等结论,以期为铁路线路选线提供能耗影响方...     

基于梯度提升回归树算法的地面臭氧浓度估算

将机器学习中的梯度提升回归树（GBRT）算法应用到中国地区地面O₃浓度制图中,利用地面O₃浓度观测数据,结合WRF气象数据、MODIS植被归一化指数以及高程人口数据建立训练预测数据集.通过反向变量选择法选取模型最佳特征变量对其进行训练,十折交叉验证结果：决定系数R²=0.89、均方根误差RMSE=4.75μg/m³.同时对全国O₃人口暴露水平进行评估.结果表明：在暴露强度上,我国人口加权O₃浓度值排在前5的省依次是山东、河南、江苏、河北、上海,均值浓度为94.48μg/m³.在暴露持续时间上,非达标天数最多的5个省依次是河南、山东、河北、宁夏、北京,一年内有42%的天数处于非达标的状态.     

Evaluation of a fire behavior information integration system for southern California chaparral wildlands

Close contact between arid, fire-vulnerable chaparral wildlands and urban development in southern California results in conflagrations that have burned 200,000 ha, destroyed 700 structures, and claimed 16 lives in a single year. In 1972, the U.S. Congress established FIRESCOPE to assist southern California fire and emergency agencies and to develop computer methods for the simulation of wildland fire behavior.     

Implementation of two new resource management information systems in Australia

This paper describes the development and implementation ofPREPLAN, A Pristine Environment Planning Language and Simulator, for two conservation areas in Australia, Kosciusko National Park (New South Wales) and Tutanning Nature Reserve (Western Australia).PREPLAN was derived from the North American gradient modeling systems and theForest Planning Language and Simulator (FORPLAN), but includes unique characteristics not previously available.PREPLAN includes an integrated resource management data base, modules for predicting site-specific vegetation, fuels, animals, fire behavior, and fire effects, and an English language instruction set.PREPLAN was developed specifically to provide available information and understanding of ecosystems to managers in a readily accessible and usable form, and to provide the motivation to conduct additional required research projects. An evaluation of the system's advantages and limitations is presented, and the way the utilization of such systems is improving natural area decision making throughout Australia is discussed.     

吉阳核电厂址近地面层温度梯度及风廓线规律适用性研究

观测安徽吉阳核电厂址近地面层的气象数据,对该厂址近地面层温度梯度及风廓线规律的适用性进行了分析,通过散点图的形式寻找风速比随稳定度参数的变化特征。结果表明,本区气温日变化符合一般观测规律,四季平均气温有较大差异、温差偏大,春夏两季多易出现逆温,春冬逆温强度较夏季偏大;非中性层结条件下风速比值随稳定度的增强而离散增大。