North–south trade in reusable goods: Green design meets illegal shipments of waste

In a stylized model of international trade, firms in the North indirectly export second-hand products to a representative firm in the South to be reused as intermediate goods, with potential trade gains. The level of reusability of waste products – or green design – is a crucial choice variable in the North. This is because, in the presence of imperfect international monitoring, non-reusable waste can be illegally mixed with reusable waste. I explore the driving forces for illegal waste movement, with a particular focus on local waste regulations such as the EU׳s Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment. Under mild conditions, it is shown that increasingly stringent regulations in the North can induce Northern firms to reduce product reusability. Consequently, the flow of non-reusable waste to the South increases, magnifying the pollution haven effect.     

倡导绿色建筑,构筑资源节能型社会

本文比较系统地介绍了绿色建筑的内涵、特点、发展现状和趋势等,为构筑资源节能型社会提供参考依据。     

化工生产中静电危害的消除

在化学工业生产中,由于各种材料上静电的产生和积累,会造成生产事故.该文对化工生产中静电的危害作了简述,并着重介绍了其预防和消除的方法.     

An analysis of the drivers affecting the implementation of green supply chain management

Green supply chain management has emerged as an important organizational philosophy to reduce environmental risks. We develop a model of the drivers affecting the implementation of green supply chain management using an Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) framework. The various drivers of green supply chain management (GSCM) are identified based on the GSM literature and on consultations with experts in the industry. The model developed is validated on a case study involving a manufacturing firm in southern India.     

The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment due to human use – present knowledge and future challenges

Intensive research on pharmaceuticals in the environment started about 15 years ago. Since then a vast amount of literature has been published. The input and presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their fate in the environment were and is still of high interest. As it has been extensively demonstrated that the active compounds are present in the environment some of the research interest has moved from analysis of the compounds, which is still undertaken, to effect studies in the lab and in field trials. It has been found that environmental concentrations can cause effects in wildlife if proper tools are applied for effect assessment. The question of mixture toxicity has gained more and more attention. It has been learned that classical tests may underestimate effects and risks. Work has been done in the field of risk assessment and risk management. As for risk management strategies to eliminate pharmaceuticals from wastewater or from the effluent of sewage treatment plants have been proposed and investigated. A tremendous amount of literature can now be found describing technical management measures such as oxidative or photolytic effluent treatment, filtering techniques, and application of charcoal. It has been learned however, that each of these approaches has its specific shortcomings. Therefore, additional approaches such as including people handling and using the compounds, and focusing on the properties of the compounds (“green pharmacy”) came into focus. Accordingly, this review gives an overview of the present state of knowledge presenting typical results and lines of discussion. This review makes no claim to give a complete overview including the full detailed body of knowledge of pharmaceuticals in the environment. Rather, it addresses important and typical topics to stimulate discussion.     

Removal of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution by marine green alga Ulva lactuca

Biosorption of colours is an important technology for treatment of different types of industrial wastewaters containing dyes. The objective of this study was to convert green alga Ulva lactuca to dye adsorbents for wastewater treatment. The importance of commonly available green alga Ulva lactuca was investigated as viable biomaterials for the biological treatment of synthetic basic blue 9 (5-ch1oro-N,N,N^',N^'-tetramethyl-5λ⁴-phenothiazine-3,7-diamine) effluents. The results obtained from the batch experiments revealed the ability of the green algae to remove the basic blue 9, and this was dependent on the dye concentration, pH, and algal biomass. We investigated the equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption, and the Langmuir and Freundlich equations were used to fit the equilibrium isotherm. The adsorption isotherm of basic blue 9 followed both the Langmuir and Freundlich models with a correlation coefficient of ∼0.96-0.99, and the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model (R²=1.0). The maximum adsorption capacity was about 40.2 mg of dye per gram of dry green algae at pH 10, 25 g l^-1 dye and 2.5 g l^-1 alga concentrations. This study demonstrated that the green algae could be used as an effective biosorbent for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater streams.     

西部大开发中的制造业模式选择

本文分析了西部大开发中制造业发展的约束条件 ,在这些约束条件下 ,西部大开发中制造业选择绿色制造模式是其必然要求 ;在此基础上分析了在西部大开发中制造业实施绿色制造模式存在的障碍、提出了促进在西部制造业中实施绿色制造模式的政策建议。     

黔"西电东送"的电力供给与市场需求可靠性分析

贵州省经济发展滞后,但电力资源丰富。发展电力,将贵州省的能源资源优势转化为经济优势,是振兴贵州经济的希望所在。结合贵州西电东送的优势,从供给与需求出发分析了"黔电送粤"的市场可靠性,以及西电东送对贵州经济的拉动作用。     

Economic viability of packaging waste recycling systems: A comparison between Belgium and Portugal

The Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive has had an undeniable impact on waste management throughout the European Union. Whereas recycling and recovery targets are the same, member states still enjoy a considerable degree of freedom with respect to the practical organization and management strategies adopted. Nevertheless, in all cases, the industry (which brings packaging material onto the market) should be responsible for the costs associated with packaging waste recycling/recovery (following the extended producer responsibility principle). The current paper compares and contrasts the institutional frameworks and financial costs and benefits of waste management operators for Belgium and Portugal. The unit costs of selective collection and sorting of packaging waste are provided for both countries. In Belgium, the costs of recycling seem to be fully supported by the industry (through Fost Plus, the national Green Dot agency). In Portugal the fairness of the recycling system depends on the perspective adopted (economic or strictly financial). Adopting a strictly financial perspective, it seems that Sociedade Ponto Verde (SPV, the Portuguese Green Dot agency) should increase the transfers to local authorities. However, the conclusions differ for this country if the avoided costs with refuse collection and other treatment are taken into account.     

Climate Change Discourses and Citizen Participation: A Case Study of the Discursive Construction of Citizenship in Two Public Events

Citizen participation is a recurrent and democratically important issue in the ongoing debate about climate change. However, different meanings are ascribed to citizen participation in different contexts, ranging from top-down involvement to bottom-up engagement, thus creating tension between conflicting ideals. Focusing on public engagement and its construal in different situational contexts, we explore how citizens are discursively included or excluded from participation, as various climate change discourses unfold in two forums where local needs and global concerns interact. Furthermore, we address some opportunities and barriers regarding citizen participation in climate change issues.