The emergence of local planning authority policy on high-voltage electricity issues

The high-voltage distribution and transmission of electricity are associated with a range of environmental effects that are increasingly contentious and are leading to difficult land-use planning issues. In the UK, local planning authorities have been taking an anticipatory approach to such efforts by the formation of policy in statutory land-use plans; this seeks to set constraints on the location and form of high-voltage installations and nearby development. This emerging body of policy reveals a number of consistently occurring themes that focus explicitly on the protection of local environmental conditions. This is indicative of broader trends apparent throughout plan-making in the last decade, in which environmental emphases have become more central, but the policy area also indicates that local authorities are responding to structural changes in the electricity industry and to changing patterns of energy generation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Biomonitoring marine habitats in reference to antibiotic resistant bacteria and ampicillin resistance determinants from oviductal fluid of the nesting green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas

During the egg-laying process, oviductal fluid was collected using a non-invasive procedure from the cloacal vent of the green turtles. Forty-two independent isolates of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from 11 genera were obtained from 20 turtles during nesting. The dominant isolate was Citrobacter (52.4%), followed by Pseudomonas, Proteus, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Edwardsiella, Morganella, Providencia and Arcomobacter. Most of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Ampicillin-resistant isolates showed variations in their resistance for the following classes of β-lactamases: extended-spectrum β-lactamases (EBSLs), AmpC type β-lactamases C (AmpC), and screen-positive β-lactamase. None of the isolates produced metallo β-lactamase. Some ampicillin-resistant genes were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) only. Inhibitor based test (IBT) categorized some isolates as AmpC β-lactamase producers. β-Lactamase genes were detected from a few strains. The sequencing of those genes revealed the presence of cephamycinase (CMY) and AmpC β-lactamases. The oviductal fluid was used in this study as a source of bacterial antibiotic-resistant determinants for biomonitoring marine turtles exposed to contaminated effluents. This data can be of value in understanding the decline of this endangered species as a result of exposure to marine pollution which is threatening their survival.     

Freshwater Ulva (Chlorophyta) as a bioaccumulator of selected heavy metals (Cd, Ni and Pb) and alkaline earth metals (Ca and Mg)

We analyzed the ability of freshwater taxa of the genus Ulva (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) to serve as bioindicators of metal in lakes and rivers. Changes in heavy metal (Ni, Cd and Pb) and alkaline earth metal (Ca and Mg) concentrations in freshwater Ulva thalli were investigated during the period from June to August 2010. The study was conducted in two ecosystems in Western Poland, the Malta lake (10 sites) and the Nielba river (six sites). Three components were collected for each sample, including water, sediment and Ulva thalli. The average concentrations of metals in the water sample and in the macroalgae decreased in the following order: Ca > Mg > Ni > Pb > Cd. The sediment revealed a slightly altered order: Ca > Mg > Pb > Ni > Cd. Ca and Mg were found at the highest concentrations in thalli due to the presence of carbonate on its surface. Among the examined heavy metals in thalli, Ni was in the highest concentration, and Cd found in the lowest concentration. There were statistically significant correlations between the levels of metals in macroalgae, water and sediment. Freshwater populations of Ulva exhibited a greater efficiency to bioaccumulate nickel as compared to species derived from marine ecosystems.     

Specific accumulation of arsenic compounds in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from Ishigaki Island, Japan

Concentrations of total arsenic (As) and individual compounds were determined in green and hawksbill turtles from Ishigaki Island, Japan. In both species, total As concentrations were highest in muscle among the tissues. Arsenobetaine was a major compound in most tissues of both turtles. High concentrations of trimethylarsine oxide were detected in hawksbill turtles. A significant negative correlation between standard carapace length (SCL), an indicator of age, and total As levels in green turtles was found. In contrast, the levels increased with SCL of hawksbill turtles. Shifts in feeding habitats with growth may account for such a growth-dependent accumulation of As. Although concentrations of As in marine sponges, the major food of hawksbill turtles are not high compared to those in algae eaten by green turtles, As concentrations in hawksbill turtles were higher than those in green turtles, indicating that hawksbill turtles may have a specific accumulation mechanism for As.     

试论绿色消费

目前,绿色消费成了人们追求健康生活的目标,它倡导消费者选择有助于公众健康的绿色产品,并在追求生活舒适的同时,注重环境保护,节约资源和能源,实现可持续消费.绿色消费存在的盲目追求表面的绿色、影响生态的"生态旅游"、把"绿色"与天然划等于号等几大误区,消费者应转变消费观念并在生活中选择绿色的消费方式.     

环境会计初探

通过对环境会计的产生、必要性和目标的讨论，提出了环境会计在会计应用中的具体设想。     

温室效应与二氧化碳的控制

通过气候变暖及生态系统变化的事例简述了温室效应的危害及其起源 ,并从生物技术、能源革新、大气污染控制技术几个方面评述了近年来涌现出的二氧化碳控制技术的优缺点和发展前景。     

包装废弃物的全过程减量化控制

固体废弃物的增加已成为影响社会可持续发展的一个重要问题,而包装废弃物占整个城市固体废弃物的比例不容忽视。从涵盖包装废弃物产生全过程的“绿色包装”思想,法律法规,经济激励,回收何系等方面,结合国外先进经验,提出了我国包装废弃物减量化所应采取的措施。     

绿色信贷制度在建设美丽幸福中国的应用研究——以广州市为例

本文以广州市为例,分析认为绿色信贷制度将在生态农业、生态工业、能源、基础设施建设、消费信贷等领域发挥重要作用,进而防控污染,保护资源环境,建设美丽幸福中国,保障国民健康,增进民生福祉。     

准东煤电煤化工开发建设中的生态环境问题探讨

文章通过分析准东地区煤炭资源分布及产业带入驻企业的基本情况,阐述了准东煤电煤化工产业带的发展及现状,重点分析了准东煤炭资源开发需要关注的生态环境问题：如对水资源的影响;对大气环境的影响;对地表环境的影响以及对自然保护区的影响.并就如何解决这类问题的对策和建议做了充分的讨论,为准东煤炭资源开发建设与生态环境的保护做了有益的探索,也为管理部门更好的、科学的管理准东煤田建设提供了可资借鉴和参考的依据.