浅谈绿色生态住宅供需双方应注意的问题

介绍了绿色生态住宅理念的提出背景、绿色生态住宅所遵循的战略及其内涵，指出绿色生态住宅的核心是遵循住宅可持续发展战略。一方面，重点从环境规划设计、室内环境质量、小区水环境、材料与资源及建筑节能等6个方面论述了开发商在开发建设绿色生态住宅时应达到的技术和标准，以规范绿色生态住宅的开发与建设；另一方面，提醒消费者在购买绿色生态住宅时应着重考虑日照时间、空气湿度、主导风向和空气质量等气象因素及环境要素。     

Bio-Energy Systems at the Community Level in the South Pacific: Impacts & Monitoring

Read, Sims and Adams (2001) detailed a case study for bio-energy implementation in a notional small Pacific Island and elaborated a theoretical model for assessing and simulating the socio-economic impacts of a particular bio-energy system designed to produce an exportable liquid fuel along with rural electricity supplies. An important conclusion was that there is no silver-bullet ‘one size fits all’ bio-energy system suited to all situations. Moreover, a system appropriate at one place and time may become obsolete with exogenous technological advance and/or as a community advances down its own development pathway. In order to understand how these issues interact in practice, a selected set of implementation projects is reviewed highlighting scale, capacity, community, technology, governmental policy and the concept of critical mass, as factors that are central to the successful development of the bioenergy sector. Through this evaluation, it is shown that: 1.A significant biomass supply resource base often exists locally in the form of agricultural and forestry residues on which modern bioenergy programmes could be initiated. The use of biomass energy flow charts are an important tool for evaluating the potential of local and national resources. 2. Without an integrated multi-disciplinary, multi-sector and whole-systems approach to the implementation of bioenergy schemes, long term success is likely to remain elusive. 3. There is a requirement at the national level for a coordinated approach with strong policy signals that overcome perverse and practical obstacles.     

利用垃圾填埋沼气发电走垃圾资源化道路

针对我国垃圾产生量大,以填埋处理方式为主的状况,介绍了垃圾填埋沼气发电的原理、技术和国内外现状等,提出要利用垃圾填埋产生的沼气进行发电使城市垃圾化害为利,变废为宝,实现垃圾资源化。     

Baseline options and greenhouse gas emission reduction of clean development mechanism project in urban solid waste management

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was adopted in the Kyoto Protocol as a flexibility mechanism to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) and has been started with such projects as improving efficiency of individual technology. Although applying various countermeasures to urban areas has significant potentials for reducing GHGs, these countermeasures have not been proposed as CDM projects in the practical stage. A CDM project needs to be validated that it will reduce GHGs additionally compared with a baseline, that is, a predictive value of GHG emissions in the absence of the project. This study examined the introduction of solid waste incineration with electricity generation into three different cities, A, B and C. The combination of main solid waste treatment and fuel source are landfill and coal, respectively, in City A, incineration and natural gas in City B, and landfill and hydro in City C. GHG emission reductions of each city under several baseline options assumed here were evaluated. Even if the same technology is introduced, the emission reduction greatly varies according to the current condition and the future plan of the city: 1043–1406 kg CO₂/t of waste in City A, 198–580 kg CO₂/t in City B, and wide range of zero to over 1000 kg CO₂/tin City C. Baseline options also cause significant difference in the emission reduction even in the same city (City C). Incinerating solid waste after removing plastics by source separation in City B increased GHG emission reduction potential up to 730–900 kg CO₂/t, which enhances the effectiveness as a CDM project. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

绿色化学—21世纪的化学

绿色化学是从节约资源和防止污染的角度来重新和改革传统化学。文中评述了近年来对原料、化学反应、产品、催化剂和溶剂的绿色化开展的一些主要研究及目前取得的进展。     

The role of social, political, and economic interests in promoting state green electricity policies

State governments in the United States have adopted a number of policies to encourage the production of electricity from “green” energy sources. While these state-level policies have been shown to stimulate green electricity development, the rate at which such policies have been adopted by the states differs significantly. This paper examines the potential influence of a state's particular social, political, and economic interests on its propensity to adopt green electricity policies. We use an empirical model that combines various social, political and economic indicators as explanatory variables of a state's likelihood to adopt four specific green electricity policies: renewable portfolio standards, net metering rules, public benefits funds, and generation disclosure rules. Using binary logistics regressions, the results suggest that social interests, measured by the level of income, the level of education, and the degree of participation in environmental lobbying groups, are positively linked to the adoption of green electricity policies. Similarly, political interests as measured by the pro-environment voting by states’ representatives in the U.S. Congress, also play a positive role in the adoption of such policies.     

Cleaner production: profit for future generations

The fate of the environment, currently endangered by human arrogance and oversight, is one of the most pressing problems of our times. This problem cannot be tackled unless cleaner production, cleaner products and cleaner values evolve into a more expansive concept and become part and parcel of the dominant social paradigm. Since its inception in 1985, the Biopolitics International Organisation (B.I.O.) has been raising awareness of the urgent need to develop and adopt biocentric values and ethics in society, and has been promoting a series of initiatives to increase bio-environmental appreciation. This paper presents the conceptual framework of these initiatives, as well as a general overview of the fundamental principles of the Biopolitics International Organisation.     

绿色会计在可持续发展中的应用

文章分析了可持续发展与绿色会计的关系，绿色会计是实现可持续发展的重要的科学工具，同时，对绿色会计的产生原因和最新的发展，绿色会计的计量技术，算方法和报告方式等问题作了研究，最后，分析了当前我国开展绿色会计存在的问题，并提出了相应的对策。     

UNFCCC Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism Baseline Construction for Vietnam National Electricity Grid

For projects under the UNFCCC Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), a baseline has to be set to allow calculation of the greenhouse gas emissions reductions achieved. An important obstacle to CDM project development is the lack of data for baseline definition; often project developers do not have access to data and therefore incur high transaction costs to collect them. The government of Vietnam has set up all necessary institutions for CDM, wants to promote CDM projects and thus is interested to reduce transaction costs. We calculate emission factors of the Vietnam electricity grid according to the rules defined by the CDM Executive Board for small scale projects and for large renewable electricity generation projects. The emission factors lie between 365 and 899 g CO₂/kWh depending on the specification. The weighted operating and build margin reaches 600 g for 2003, while grid average reaches 399 g. Using three-year averages, a combined build and operating margin of 705 g is calculated. We hope that these data facilitate CDM project development in the electricity supply and energy efficiency improvement in Vietnam.     

论"绿色GDP"核算体系及其面临的问题

阐述了"绿色GDP"理论的形成与发展,结合中国国情,探讨了"绿色GDP"核算体系,进而分析了当前中国实现"绿色GDP"核算所面临的主要问题,提出了实现"绿色GDP"核算的主要对策和措施.从而让人们放弃传统的经济发展模式,采用循环经济发展模式,走新型工业化道路.