我国矿业城市的产业结构调整及其发展途径

由于受资源递减规律影响,矿业城市的发展必将受到其不合理产业结构的限制。产业结构调整是矿业城市得以持续发展的必由之路,基于其资源与区位优势发展替代性产业是矿业城市产业结构调整的最佳选择。本文探讨了矿业城市产业结构调整的一些原则,提出了一些对策和建议。     

碳中和背景下欧盟碳边境调节机制对我国的影响及对策分析

在全球碳中和的新形势下,欧盟委员会于2021年7月正式提出“碳边境调节机制”（CBAM）立法提案,并计划于2023年起实施。本文在总结立法提案关键要素的基础上,着重分析欧盟CBAM的合法性与合理性,研判可能对我国产生的潜在影响,并从国际国内层面提出对策建议。分析发现,欧盟采取“名义”碳市场的形式,初期将覆盖水泥、电力、化肥、钢铁和铝等5个行业,只核算产品生产过程的直接排放,暂不考虑间接排放,2023—2025年是过渡期,2026年开始正式实施。欧盟CBAM的合法性与合理性面临诸多挑战：不符合世界贸易组织国民待遇原则和最惠国待遇原则,但存在满足关税与贸易总协定例外条款的可能性;违反国际气候治理的共同但有区别的责任原则、公平原则和各自能力原则,也不符合公约关于国际贸易歧视或变相限制的条款;对解决碳泄漏问题和保护本土竞争力的作用有限;产品隐含碳核算和碳价确定是技术难点问题。影响评估发现,欧盟CBAM将使我国受影响部门的对欧出口总额降低11%～13%,出口成本增加1亿～3.05亿美元,其中约四分之三的成本将由钢铁行业承担,对贸易隐含碳的下降作用有待进一步考量;此外,欧盟CBAM将会影响多边国际...     

基于产业调整的太湖流域生态环境优化探讨

以流域为单元进行水资源综合管理,是实现资源、环境与经济社会协调发展的重要途径. 产业调整能控制污染源的数量和种类,是区域环境治理的关键环节和有效手段. 从湖泊流域产业的特有结构分析出发,以太湖为例,分析了当前太湖流域环境问题、产生的原因及其存在的产业不合理性,探讨了点源污染、线源污染和面源污染的成因及其对污染总量的贡献、治理方案并加以对比分析;探讨了湖泊流域产业调整和优化对区域生态环境的改善及污染控制治理中的作用,基于污染总量恒定或稳步下降、经济发展速度不变的情况下,对流域产业升级和优化调整提出了具体的产业结构和政策,这对指导湖区流域可持续发展具有一定的理论意义和实践价值.      

流量调节因子在非稳态河网水质计算中的应用

对平原河网水流流向不定引起的非稳态水质变化问题,引入流量调节因子加以校正,对调节因子在不同流向的形式进行了分析,在水质显格式离散方程中建立对应的水质模型,利用研究区河网枯水期实测的水质资料进行相应验证,结果表明校正的水质模型有较高的精度,具有一定的实用性。为非稳态情况下河网水质问题的决策分析提供了可行计算途径。     

沈阳经济技术开发区环境空气监测点位优化布点研究

在网格布点的基础上 ,采用群分析方法对沈阳经济技术开发区的环境空气监测数据进行科学论证和分析 ,得出最佳点位     

试论浙江建德群和磨石山群时代

根据 8 0年代以来对浙江中生代晚期火山岩同位素年代学的研究资料 ,浙江省建德群和磨石山群火山岩年龄在 135～ 117Ma之间 ,永康群、天台群和衢江群火山岩年龄在 111～90Ma。结合近年来中国东部侏罗—白垩系界线研究的新成果 ,提出浙江建德群和磨石山群时代应为早白垩世     

城市现代化发展的生态防护研究——以南京市为例

配合南京市总体规划的修订，研究城市现代化发展的生态建设途径。城市空间拓展应与地理生态背景相适用，生态防护网络是总体规划确定的三个圈层结构的组成部分，具有削减大气污染负荷，调节氧循环，改善城市环境的功能。     

城市产业水污染控制优化研究——以株洲市为例

针对城市产业水污染状况，应用产业结构和工业行业结构优化模型，试图找出城市产业结构调整方法。研究以株洲市为例，根据株洲市产业结构和行业结构特点对模型进行改进和最优化计算。计算结果表明，产业和行业生产用水的调整可以减少废水排放量和实现经济增长。在此基础上，提出了株洲市产业和行业凋整方案，以期实现城市经济发展与环境保护协调发雇。     

Time as a constraint on group size in spider monkeys

An animal can only survive in a given habitat if it has enough time to find, process and digest food whilst avoiding predation. The time it has for food acquisition is affected by the vegetation and competition with conspecifics, which depends on aggregation tendencies. We used the relationships between time allocations, on the one hand, and climatic variables (as a proxy for habitat quality) and group size, on the other, to develop a model that predicts maximum ecologically tolerable group size at different locations for spider monkeys. Spider monkeys are particularly interesting because the social communities often split up into small units. Temperature variation and rainfall variation were the main determinants of time budgets. Community size and average annual rainfall determined party size. The model correctly predicted presence or absence of spider monkeys at 78–83% of 217 New World forest sites. Within the geographical range of the species, this time budget model predicted the presence of spider monkeys better than a model based directly on climate variables. Predicted community and party sizes were significantly larger at sites where spider monkeys are present than at sites where they are absent. As required by the model, predicted maximum community sizes were significantly larger than observed community sizes. Moving time showed a U-shaped relationship with party size, which suggests that moving time is the factor that keeps spider monkey communities from travelling together in a tight group.     

Body condition and the grouping behavior of brood-caring female common eiders (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Somateria mollissima</Emphasis>)

Both theoretical and empirical work has shown that group size increases with increasing ecological constraints on solitary breeding. Ecological constraints refer to extrinsic factors such as availability of breeding sites, food or mates. Common eider (Somateria mollissima) females pool their broods and share brood-rearing duties, or rear broods alone. Females are often in poor condition at hatching, as incubation is accomplished without feeding, and variation in body condition is largely environmentally induced and thus unpredictable. We found that the intensity of and duration of parental care that females provide is positively correlated with their body condition at hatching. This suggests that body condition is an ecological constraint on successful solitary breeding. We further observed that group productivity in common eider broods is a decelerating function of the number of tending females. As predicted, females in poorer condition (i.e., facing stronger ecological constraints) were found in larger groups. This result is straightforward if solitary tenders can enter any group at no cost. However, if entry is group-controlled, stable groups of non-relatives are predicted not to occur when per capita reproduction declines with group size. The N-person staying incentive model permits groups to form under these conditions, because reproduction is unevenly divided between dominants and subordinates in the group. We discuss the plausibility of these alternative models of group size for understanding the grouping behavior of brood-caring female common eiders.Communicated by M. Webster