Environmental principles applicable to supply chains design and operation

In this paper we deal with the problem of identifying environmental principles for the design and operation of supply chains. The operations that are included in supply chains are briefly described along with the approaches that are applied in order to improve their environmental performance. A background of environmental principles for achieving eco-efficiency and building of environmentally friendly organizational systems is presented and emphasis is put on the application of such principles “from cradle to grave”. Then, environmental principles applicable to particular objects of logistics networks planning are identified and commented upon. In addition, selective case studies from the literature, which show the applicability of the formulated principles and their relevance to practice, are discussed. The paper concludes with some remarks regarding the benefits for companies and societies, in general, that occur as a result of the application of the formulated principles.     

美国的环境立法

通过对美国环境立法发展状况的分析,阐述了美国环境法规的特点,及其在国家加强行政环境管理等方面的作用。立法不完善,是美国环境立法的主要问题。     

世行贷款项目环境管理

介绍了世行贷款项目各阶段环境管理的具体内容和特殊问题，并提出面临难题。     

静态爆破在长阳南山坡岩崩治理中的应用

相对于传统的爆破技术，在施工场地狭小、地形陡峭以及不能影响周边居民正常工作生活秩序等条件下，运用静态爆破技术施工，具有安全、环保、简单等不可比拟的优点。笔者详细介绍了静态爆破技术的基本原理以及在长阳县榔坪中学南山坡岩崩治理中的工程实践．阐述了静态爆破技术在危岩体治理工程中的施工方法、特点，应采取的安全管理预防措施及应用推广前景。     

环境保护规划在建设项目环境管理中的作用

主要介绍了环境保护规划在建设项目环境管理中的作用。分析了制定环境保护规划的必要性 ,提出了落实规划的相应对策     

厂房、办公楼租赁、转让的环境保护问题

随着市场经济的迅速发展，大量厂房办公楼租赁、转让产生新类型的环境问题。由于其具有突发性、隐蔽性、难追究、治理难的特点，因而应将合同(契约)等重要经济环节纳入环境约束，加强管理，切实实施。     

建设项目"三同时"制度中存在的问题及分析

本文就我国“三同时”制度实施中存在的问题进行了较全面的剖析，并针对这些问题提出了解决的办法，为我国进一步完善“三同时”制度，拓展“三同时”管理的内涵，制订有关“三同时”管理细则提供了有价值的参考。     

LCA与环境决策

应用生命周期评估对一个产品体系在其生命周期中的投入产出对环境造成的影响进行评估，可以帮助人们对全过程和全方位来认识事物，从而有利于避免环境决策的失误。     

日本炼厂环保工作的特点与借鉴

根岸炼油厂是日本国最大的燃料、润滑油型炼油厂，通过交流参观看到作为发达国家的日本国对环境保护非常重视，各项环保法规、法令、标准从国家到地方各级都很严格和详细，治理措施十分完善，环境保护取得显著的成效。     

Fisheries management: integrating societal preference, decision analysis, and ecological risk assessment

Fisheries management is the practice of analyzing and selecting options to maintain or alter the structure, dynamics, and interaction of habitat, aquatic biota, and man to achieve human goals and objectives. The theory of fisheries management is: managers or decision makers attempt to maximize renewable `output' from an aquatic resource by choosing from among a set of decision options and applying a set of actions that generate an array of outputs. Outputs may be defined as a tangible catch, a fishing experience, an existence value, or anything else produced or supported by renewable aquatic resources. Overall output is always a mix of tangible and intangible elements. However defined, management goals and objectives are essential components of fisheries management or any other field of renewable natural resource management. Reaching consensus on management goals and objectives has never been a simple task. Beyond the broad and often conflicting goals of an agency, managers must decide who should set specific management objectives — agency personnel, the public, or a combination of the two. Historically, rhetoric aside, fisheries managers in North America nearly always have consulted with professionals in governmental roles to set management objectives. In a strongly pluralistic society, this often resulted in protracted political and legal conflict. Increasingly, there are calls for use of risk assessment to help solve such ecological policy and management problems commonly encountered in fisheries management. The basic concepts of ecological risk assessment may be simple, but the jargon and details are not. Risk assessment (and similar analytical tools) is a concept that has evoked strong reactions whenever it has been used. In spite of the difficulties of defining problems and setting management objectives for complex ecological policy questions, use of risk assessment to help solve ecological problems is widely supported. Ecological risk assessment will be most useful (and objective) in political deliberations when the policy debate revolves around largely technical concerns. To the extent that risk assessment forces policy debate and disagreement toward fundamental differences rather than superficial ones, it will be useful in decision making.