用于四氯乙烯降解的厌氧污泥的培养与驯化研究

由于四氯乙烯 (PCE)的大量使用和不合理的处置使其成为常见的污染物之一。PCE在好氧条件下不发生生物降解 ,只在厌氧条件下通过还原脱氯发生生物降解。本研究主要是对从不同处理厂获得的厌氧污泥进行培养 ,选出合适的厌氧污泥 ,进行降解PCE的厌氧污泥的驯化 ,为以后进行降解PCE的动力学研究和优势菌种的筛选做准备。同时 ,在实验中检测到了三氯乙烯 (TCE) ,表明PCE是通过还原脱氯发生生物降解的。     

BLACK WILLOW CUTTING SURVIVAL IN STREAMBANK PLANTINGS,SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES1

Field studies were conducted on black willow (Salix nigra) cuttings planted for riparian zone restoration along Harland Creek, Twentymile Creek, and Little Topashaw Creek in Mississippi, USA. Planted cuttings were 2.5 to 3 m long and had base diameters of 2.5 to 7.5 cm. Streams were unstable, deeply incised sand bed channels with eroding banks 1 to 6 m high. Soil texture, redox potential (Eh), depth to water table, and willow survival were monitored for two to three years after planting. While many factors influence willow cuttings at restoration sites, soil texture and moisture are key to plant success. In these studies, plant survival and growth were best for cuttings planted in soils with less than 40 percent silt‐clay content and a water table 0.5 m to 1.0 m below the soil surface during the growing season. These conditions produced soil Eh greater than approximately 200 mV and were most often observed 1 to 2 m higher than the bank toe. These findings suggest criteria useful for preplanting site evaluations. Additional evidence suggests that preplanting soaking enhances performance of black willow cuttings. Additional factors (channel erosion, herbivory by beaver, and competition from exotics) may control performance over periods longer than two to three years.     

基于污泥资源化利用的蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)培养研究

利用废水或者废弃物培养微藻,不仅可使废弃物得到合理利用,还可为微藻培养提供廉价原料.以蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)为研究对象,以污泥抽提液部分或全部替代SE(selenite enrichment)培养基,研究基于污泥资源化利用的微藻细胞培养方法.结果表明,当SE培养基与污泥抽提液比例为1∶9和2∶8时,相同条件下接种蛋白核小球藻培养14 d后,在波长为680 nm下其光密度分别为0.858和0.845,显著高于其它处理,当两者比例为0∶10和10∶0时,相应光密度分别为0.571和0.247.通过测定其色素和次生代谢产物含量时发现,当SE培养基与污泥抽提液比例为2∶8时,蛋白核小球藻的叶绿素、β-胡萝卜素和蛋白质含量最高.因此,剩余污泥抽提液可以部分作为培养蛋白核小球藻的良好基质,并且其培养效果明显优于其标准培养基.在本试验条件下,蛋白核小球藻培养的最佳条件是污泥抽提液比例为80%,该条件下蛋白核小球藻的生长状况较好,并且叶绿素与蛋白质含量最高.     

Effects of Soil Conditions on Survival and Growth of Black Willow Cuttings

Current streambank restoration efforts focus on providing bank stability, enhancing water quality, and improving woody habitat using native vegetation rather than traditional engineering techniques. However, in most cases harsh site conditions limit restoration success. A two-year field study was conducted at Twentymile Creek, in northern Mississippi, investigating edaphic factors governing the survival of black willow (Salix nigra) cuttings used for streambank restoration. Low height growth, above-ground biomass production, and average leaf area were observed in willow cuttings grown in plots subjected to moisture deficits. However, sediment texture emerged as the dominant factor determining willow post growth, health, and survival. Shoot biomass, leaf biomass, and total above-ground biomass were 15-, 10-, and 14-fold greater for large willow cuttings (posts) grown in plots with sandy sediments relative to those grown in plots with similar moisture and soil redox potential but with silt and clay sediments. Average leaf size, average leaf mass and specific leaf area were all lower in fine textured plots. Under moisture conditions present at our sites, coarse-grained sediment (sand) was more conducive to willow growth, biomass production, and survival than were fine-grained sediments (silt/clay). Our results strongly suggest that soil texture and moisture conditions can determine restoration success. Therefore, it is critical that site conditions are factored into the selection of project locations prior to the initiation of willow planting restoration projects.     

The Dual Model for Tourism Resource Productivity Improvement

Abstract

For natural resource science, resource productivity studying is an important subject. But researches on tourism resource productivity are limited. The most significant influencing factor on tourism resource productivity is the potential market scale of tourist locations, and second most important influencing factor is the resource endowment. Regional urban population is significantly correlated with region tourist numbers, being the decisive factor of region potential tour market scale. In tourism development, the dual model should be adopted: on one hand to enhance tour spot attractiveness, on the other hand to cultivate the potential market by improving urbanization level and other means. In the situation of tourism development fever spreading, the dual model for improving tourism productivity helps to avoid the “Great Leap Forward” which means that too rapid tourism construction divorces from actual market demand.     

荒漠蓝藻抗逆性及应用研究进展

蓝藻是荒漠藻类中的主要类群,它能抵御荒漠生境中高低温、干旱、高盐碱、高紫外辐射等极端环境的胁迫,蓝藻胞外多糖及胞内的伪枝藻素、MAAs等在抵抗逆境胁迫过程中起了重要的作用.主要介绍了荒漠蓝藻抗逆性及其培养条件的研究进展,并概述了荒漠蓝藻的应用研究.     

污泥和垃圾堆肥用作林木育苗基质的研究

通过容器栽培试验,用出苗率、苗木生长指标、形态质量指数、叶片叶绿素含量等4指标对污泥和垃圾堆肥替代泥炭用作林木育苗容器基质的可行性进行了研究。结果显示,污泥和垃圾堆肥可以部分替代泥炭,能明显促进苗木生长,苗木叶片中的叶绿素含量明显高于对照,且叶片的生长期较对照长。基质最佳配方为污泥堆肥∶泥炭=1∶1和垃圾堆肥∶泥炭=1∶1。基质含盐量是影响种子出苗率的因素之一,盐分含量对针叶树种的影响大于阔叶树种。含盐量高的基质在播种前应考虑淋洗脱盐。     

Soil erosion in developing countries: A politicoeconomic explanation

Soil erosion is accelerating in developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. It has threatened the livelihood of millions of peasants, for agriculture is their economic mainstay. A probe into the forces causing erosion reveals that the elite’s resolve to accumulate ever more wealth and to maintain, consolidate, or expand their sociopolitical power and the necessity of the poor to fulfill their requirements of food, fuelwood, and fodder are the two major factors accelerating soil erosion. Unless the vast masses of poor people are integrated into the national mainstream through the implementation of equitable and redistributive development policies, it is impossible to control the accelerating rate of soil erosion and thus to achieve the objective of sustainable development. In this article, the phenomenon “soil erosion” is studied with the sol e focus on causation through anthropogenic factors.     

无土栽培植物对农村生活污水的净化特性研究

选取水烛、石菖蒲和黄菖蒲三种挺水植物作为无土栽培系统的培养物,通过动态试验进行农村生活污水处理对比研究。结果表明:相对对照系统,三种植物对农村生活污水均具有较好的适应性,生长量石菖蒲>黄菖蒲>水烛;处理系统对COD、NH+4-N和TN的去除效果依次为石菖蒲>黄菖蒲>水烛>对照;对TP的去除率依次为水烛>黄菖蒲>石菖蒲>对照。同时,通过对处理系统去除氮磷途径的分析,发现植物吸收作用是主要去除方式,沉淀吸附也起着重要的作用。综合三种植物的净化能力,认为石菖蒲更适合无土栽培处理系统。