凤眼莲根系丙酮提取物抑制赤潮藻类生长的机制研究

为了探讨凤眼莲根系丙酮提取物抑制塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)生长的机制,筛选和发现新的、高效、低毒或无毒、能迅速控制赤潮生物生长的除藻剂.对比分析了凤眼莲根系丙酮提取物中不同物质的抑藻效果,探讨了凤眼莲根系丙酮提取物抑藻的主要化学基础.通过考查主要抑藻物质对藻细胞可溶性蛋白质、丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的影响,探讨其抑藻机理.结果表明,浓度高于5 mg·L-1以上的N-苯基-2-萘胺,3 d后能保持对塔玛亚历山大藻抑制率超过50%;浓度为70μL·L-1的亚油酸对塔玛亚历山大藻的抑制率约为40%;浓度为70 μL·L-1的壬酸第3天可以达到85%的抑藻率,但随后藻密度有反弹.实验浓度范围内的亚油酸甘油酯和丙酰胺对塔玛亚历山大藻的抑制作用不明显.培养液中加入一定量N-苯基-2-萘胺后,藻体中的可溶性蛋白质和丙二醛含量有应激性升高,超氧化物歧化酶活力呈下降趋势.研究结果表明,N-苯基-2-萘胺可能是凤眼莲根系丙酮提取物中的主要抑藻物质;其可能通过自由基反应破坏藻细胞的结构,从而达到抑藻效果.     

滇东主要断裂带温泉CO_2成因浅析

通过对滇东主要断裂带上典型温泉的地质背景、环境条件、水化学及碳、氦稳定同位素分析,探讨这些温泉CO2释放的一般规律。分析表明滇东主要断裂带温泉具有特殊的碳来源,其CO2释放与沿小江断裂混杂第三纪煤层(褐煤)有关。     

一种新型电化学法处理硝态氮废水的初步研究

通过对Pd-Me双金属催化还原NO 3--N和折点氯化法处理NH 4+-N的相关理论分析,提出了一种基于电化学法的新型NO 3--N废水处理工艺.即利用具有电子空轨的常见金属元素修饰Ti基获得催化阴极,在电场的作用下,将NO 3--N催化还原;通过调整催化元素的配比和电解条件,控制NO 3--N还原产物主要为NH 4+-N;利用阳极氧化Cl-生成高氧化性物质HOCl,将NH 4+-N氧化为无害产物N2-N.结果表明,金属元素Co和Cu修饰Ti基制得阴极可以有效地催化还原模拟废水中的NO 3--N;按前驱物溶液金属元素摩尔比1∶1制得Ti基Co-Cu复合涂层催化阴极,可以将NO 3--N高效催化还原为NH 4+-N;电解体系中引入Cl-后,通过阳极作用可将NO 3--N还原生产的NH 4+-N有效地氧化为N2-N.在100 mg/L NO 3--N模拟废水中添加1 000 mg/L Cl-,设置极板间距6 mm、电流400 mA,电解2.5 h后出水NO 3--N、NO 2--N、NH 4+-N和TN分别为2.9、0.5、1.7和6.0 mg/L.     

Activity maintenance of the excised branches and a case study of NO2 exchange between the atmosphere and P. nigra branches

The efficient maintenance of the activity of excised branches is the powerful guarantee to accurately determine gas exchange flux between the detached branches of tall trees and the atmosphere. In this study, the net photosynthetic rate(NPR) of the excised branches and branches in situ were measured simultaneously by using two photosynthetic instruments to characterize the activity of the excised branches of Phyllostachys nigra. The ratio of normalized NPR of excised branches to NPR in situ was used to assess the photosynthetic activity of detached branches. Based on photosynthetic activity, an optimal hydroponics protocol for maintaining activity of excised P. nigra branches was presented:1/8 times the concentration of Gamborg B5 vitamin mixture with p H = 6. Under the best cultivation protocol, photosynthetic activity of excised P. nigra branches could be maintained more than 90% within 6 hr in the light intensity range of 200–2000 μmol/(m2·sec) and temperature range of 13.4–28.7°C. The nitrogen dioxide(NO2) flux differences between in situ and in vitro branches and the atmosphere were compared using double dynamic chambers.Based on the maintenance method of excised branches, the NO2 exchange flux between the excised P. nigra branches and the atmosphere(from-1.01 to-2.72 nmol/(m2·sec) was basically consistent with between the branches in situ and the atmosphere(from-1.12 to-3.16 nmol/(m2 sec)) within 6 hr. Therefore, this study provided a feasible protocol for in vitro measurement of gas exchange between tall trees and the atmosphere for a period of time.     

零价铁还原降解2,4-二硝基甲苯研究

研究了零价铁对2，4-二硝基甲苯(2，4-DNT)的还原降解情况。实验结果表明，2,4-DNT的还原降解率与溶液初始pH值、初始浓度、溶解氧含量和铁粉投加量等因素有关。2，4-DNT在还原过程中先生成2-氨基-4-硝基甲苯(2A4NT)和4-氨基-2-硝基甲苯(4A2NT)，最后被还原成2，4-二氨基甲苯(2，4-DAT)。     

不同部位玉米秸秆对两种质地黑土CO2排放和微生物量的影响

秸秆还田后作物残体的分解是农田生态系统碳循环及养分周转平衡的一个至关重要环节.为了探索秸秆化学性质和土壤质地对黑土区土壤CO2排放和微生物量的影响,本文通过室内恒温培养实验研究了添加不同植株部位玉米秸秆(根、茎下部、茎顶部、叶)进入黑土区两种质地土壤(砂壤土和黏壤土)后的CO2排放、微生物量,并分析了它们与秸秆C/N、木质素含量的关系.结果表明,添加不同部位秸秆一致增加土壤CO2排放量,激发效应值介于216.53~335.17μmol·g-1,黏壤土大于砂壤土.激发效应值与木质素/N之间的线性回归关系明显好于激发效应与木质素含量、C/N、含氮量之间的线性关系.添加秸秆增加MBC和MBN含量,降低MBC/MBN,微生物群落氮固持的速率高于碳固持.添加秸秆后,砂壤土微生物量增加的幅度大于黏壤土,总溶解性氮含量小于黏壤土.结果说明,秸秆的木质素和氮含量均会对它的分解和CO2排放产生影响,木质素/N比木质素含量、C/N等更好地说明秸秆分解和CO2排放的差异;与黏壤土相比,在砂壤土中实施秸秆还田可以取得更好的土壤碳固存、微生物量和氮素保持效果.     

Low-carbon transition of iron and steel industry in China: Carbon intensity, economic growth and policy intervention

As the biggest iron and steel producer in the world and one of the highest CO₂ emission sectors, China's iron and steel industry is undergoing a low-carbon transition accompanied by remarkable technological progress and investment adjustment, in response to the macroeconomic climate and policy intervention. Many drivers of the CO₂ emissions of the iron and steel industry have been explored, but the relationships between CO₂ abatement, investment and technological expenditure, and their connections with the economic growth and governmental policies in China, have not been conjointly and empirically examined. We proposed a concise conceptual model and an econometric model to investigate this crucial question. The results of regression, Granger causality test and impulse response analysis indicated that technological expenditure can significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, and that investment expansion showed a negative impact on CO₂ emission reduction. It was also argued with empirical evidence that a good economic situation favored CO₂ abatement in China's iron and steel industry, while achieving CO₂ emission reduction in this industrial sector did not necessarily threaten economic growth. This shed light on the dispute over balancing emission cutting and economic growth. Regarding the policy aspects, the year 2000 was found to be an important turning point for policy evolution and the development of the iron and steel industry in China. The subsequent command and control policies had a significant, positive effect on CO₂ abatement.     

Microbial reduction of uranium (VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2: A macroscopic and spectroscopic study

The microbial reduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2, isolated from soil in Southwest China, was explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Our studies indicated that approximately 16.0% of U(VI) at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L uranium nitrate could be reduced by Bacillus sp. dwc-2 at pH 8.2 under anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Additionally, natural organic matter (NOM) played an important role in enhancing the bioreduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2. XPS results demonstrated that the uranium presented mixed valence states (U(VI) and U(IV)) after bioreduction, which was subsequently confirmed by XANES. Furthermore, the TEM and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis suggested that the reduced uranium was bioaccumulated mainly within the cell and as a crystalline structure on the cell wall. These observations implied that the reduction of uranium may have a significant effect on its fate in the soil environment in which these bacterial strains occur.     

Cr3+掺杂对TiO2薄膜光催化活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2粉末和以釉面瓷砖为载体的TiO2薄膜,讨论了不同Cr3+掺杂浓度对TiO2光催化活性的影响,并采用UVVIS对其光学性能进行了检测.结果表明,Cr3+掺杂和釉面瓷砖的交互作用能够显著提高TiO2薄膜的光催化活性,最佳掺杂浓度为6.04×1017个·cm-3,且随着TiO2光催化活性的提高,薄膜的吸收带边发生了明显的红移,提高了可见光的利用率.     

利用废旧锌锰电池制备光催化剂净化甲苯

针对废旧锌锰电池回收利用难,以及光催化剂TiO₂活性低的问题,以废旧锌锰电池和商业二氧化钛为原料,通过球磨法制备了新型复合光催化剂。在紫外光灯照射下,进行了废旧锌锰电池复合改性TiO₂对甲苯的光催化氧化实验,并重点探究空速、光照强度、相对湿度和氧气体积分数等关键实验条件对甲苯净化效率的影响。结果表明,改性后的催化剂对甲苯的净化能力大幅提高;当TiO₂与废电池芯粉的质量比为2∶1时,催化剂的催化效果最好,甲苯的净化效率提高了近45%;空速越大,催化剂对甲苯的净化效率越低;净化效率随光照强度的增加呈现先增加后保持不变的规律;催化剂在相对湿度为30%的条件下具有最佳的催化活性,氧气体积分数为15%时为净化效率达到最大。本研究结果可为废旧锌锰电池的回收利用提供新的思路。