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31.
SUMMARY Over-population in relation to poor land productivity and cultivation in less fertile lands is resulting in land degradation and deforestation in UP hills. Growing demand of more food production and increasing need for more cash in hand have forced the hill people to cultivate all kinds of land, resulting in the denudation of land resources and soil erosion. These changes resulted in out migration of the area's human resource. A new management system for the revival of natural resources and the sustainable utilization of the area's human population and livestock has been proposed, involving active local participation in order to change the existing land-use to a system based on the soil fertility scale. 相似文献
32.
The Central Himalayan region is suffering from severe ecological problems as a consequence of deforestation and that threatens
the subsistence population of the region. We analyze this problem and propose a plan for ecologically sustainable development
for the region based on an analysis of the interrelationships of various ecosystems, particularly cropland and forest ecosystems,
around which most human activities are concentrated. Each energy unit of agronomic yield leads to expenditure of about 12
energy units of forest/grazing land energy. Because with rapidly declining forest area, this form of agriculture is no longer
sustainable and cannot be converted into a fossil fuel-based agriculture, we propose that agriculture in the mountain region
has to be largely replaced with farm forests to revitalize the environment and to generate the basic needs of the subsistence
economy of the hill population whose food grain needs can be met from the plains. We conclude by describing the advantages
that are likely to accrue to the people for their long-term future. In terms of both energy and money, the value of resources
collected from the forest to support agriculture in the present systems far exceeds the value of food grain that would be
required to enable the proposed farm forest-based systems to function. At regional level, the proposed system would generate
more energy than the existing systems, not only because the productivity of forest is about tenfold greater than that of cropland,
but also because the proposed plan promotes recovery of various ecosystems. 相似文献