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141.
矿井风流流经井下热水、干热岩、火灾地点等局部高温区域时,风流吸收热量使其内能增加,高温风流在巷道内流动时会产生热阻力。针对如何确定井下风流加热流动时巷道内热阻力的实测范围这一问题,通过理论推导与数值模拟的方法对巷道内热阻力分布情况进行分析。由压力场的模拟结果得出风流加热流动时,所产生的热阻力不仅存在于加热区,高温风流向加热区下风侧流动时热阻力仍然存在。模拟结果表明:对于水平等截面管道,风流流经加热区时,风流速压增加,加热区内风流的静压降幅大于全压降幅;流出加热区的风流向管道出口处流动时,高温风流不断克服阻力做功,并与管道内的新鲜风流、壁面进行热交换,风流温度逐渐下降,当测定区间为加热区入口至模拟管道出口时,风流的静压降幅与全压降幅近似相等。研究结果对井下巷道、隧道及实际工程应用中热阻力的分析与研究都具有重要价值。 相似文献
142.
Abstract: Geographically peripheral populations of widespread species are often the focus of conservation because they are locally rare within political jurisdictions. Yet the ecology and genetics of these populations are rarely evaluated in a broader geographic context. Most expectations concerning the ecology and evolution of peripheral populations derive from the abundant-center model, which predicts that peripheral populations should be less frequent, smaller, less dense, and have a lower reproductive rate than central populations. We tested these predictions and in doing so evaluated the conservation value of peripheral populations for the clonal shrub Vaccinium stamineum L. (Ericaceae, deerberry), which is listed as threatened in Canada. Based on 51 populations sampled from the center to the northern range limits over 2 years, population frequency and size declined toward the range limit, but ramet density increased. Sexual reproductive output varied widely among populations and between years, with many populations producing very few seeds, but did not decline toward range margins. In fact seed mass increased steadily toward range limit, and this was associated with faster germination and seedling growth, which may be adaptive in seasonal northern environments. Our results did not support the prediction that clonal reproduction is more prevalent in peripheral populations or that it contributed antagonistically to the wide variation in seed production. Peripheral populations of V. stamineum are as productive as central populations and may be locally adapted to northern environments. This emphasizes the importance of a broad geographical perspective for evaluating the ecology, evolution, and conservation of peripheral populations. 相似文献
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144.
成志钢 《中国特种设备安全》2013,(12):1-3
运用有限元分析软件,分析了不同的自紧压力对车用玻璃纤维环向缠绕气瓶疲劳性能的影响,采用新的许用应力幅度一循环次数曲线代替JB4752,对不同自紧压力下的疲劳寿命进行了计算,认为不经过自紧只打水压试验是无法满足气瓶疲劳试验要求的。 相似文献
145.
颗粒物表面酸碱特性与孔表面分形的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过电位滴定试验,证明了5种颗粒物的表面存在着一定量的OH-受体,其表面位浓度(Hs)在0.1219~0.3134 mmo.·L-1之间,表面位密度(DoH)在0.8586~2.1305个·nm-2之间,且不同采样点的颗粒物,其表面位浓度和表面位密度差别很大.所采集的5种颗粒物的孔结构接近平行板狭缝,孔尺寸分布不是均一的,平均孔径分布范围较宽(1.8~76nm);BET比表面积为9.5669~34.5605 m2·g-1,累积脱附孔体积为0.01729~0.06711 cm3·g-1,BJH脱附平均孔径为5.6768~7.7388nm,处于中孔范围,且平均孔径均大于其PSD峰值对应的孔径.通过分形FHH方程模拟N2吸附和脱附等温线数据计算出这些颗粒物的孔表面分形维数Ds比较接近(2.68~2.82之间),但它们的分形标度区间不同.另外,采用热力学模型和分形FHH理论计算出的表面分形维数的差异主要归因于这些样品孔尺寸分布的不均一性. 相似文献
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147.
以海州露天矿排土场不同复垦模式(草地、农田、白榆林地、刺槐林地、白榆刺槐混交林地)为研究对象,以裸地为对照,采用定点观测的方法,对海州露天矿排土场不同复垦模式下的光照强度、大气温度、相对湿度、5 cm、10 cm处的土壤温度和0~10 cm、10~20 cm的土壤含水量等小气候因子进行连续观测,分析小气候因子的日变化、日较差和日均值。研究结果表明:不同复垦模式均有降温、增湿、保水、减小日较差和日均值的功能。不同复垦模式对小气候调节能力表现为白榆刺槐混交林地白榆林地刺槐林地农田草地裸地。海州露天矿排土场随着植被的恢复,小气候和环境得到良好的改善。 相似文献
148.
Only two river basins in which the European pearl mussel has survived to date are known in Arkhangelsk oblast. These are the Solza and Kozha basins. The northeastern boundary of the European range of this species passes along the watershed between the basins of the Solza and the Shirshema (the Onega Peninsula) and then along the Onega-Northern Dvina watershed. The population density and the proportion of juveniles widely vary in different parts of the Solza Basin, and, therefore, the previously conclusion concerning the ageing of the population in the Kazanka River (Bolotov and Semushin, 2003) applies only to certain parts of this river. The highest density of the pearl mussel in the Solza Basin is 68 ind./m2. Fish cultivation contributes to the conservation of this pearl mussel population, as the release of Atlantic salmon juveniles ensures reproduction of the mollusk under conditions of regulated river flow. 相似文献
149.
The state of sea otter populations has been assessed by a comparative method using criteria such as the density of equilibrium populations (on Medny and Iturup islands), food supply, and effects of certain external factors. Optimal values of population density for larger islands have been calculated using the Arcview GIS 3.3 program. For the inhabited water area (from the shoreline to the 50-m isobath), they range from 3.1 to 3.4 ind./km2. The composition of sea otter diet and its changes on the Commander Islands, Kuril Islands, and southern Kamchatka are analyzed. The diameter of eaten sea urchins is considered as a parameter characterizing the degree of colonization of living space by sea otters. It is concluded that the abundance of these animals in the Russian part of the species range may slightly increase in the future due to the growth of their populations on the southern and middle Kurils. 相似文献
150.
以某火电厂高架点源为例,运用AERMOD进行预测,对扇区进行粗划分和细划分,设置两组地表参数,分析SO2、NO2、PM10在敏感点的小时浓度、日均浓度和期间平均浓度最大值的差异.变化幅度分析方法表明,PM10的小时浓度、日均浓度、期间平均浓度最大值的变化幅度最大,NO2次之,SO2最小.高端值比较法分析表明,NO2小时浓度最大值的差异最大,SO2次之,PM10最小;NO2日均浓度最大值的差异最大,PM10次之,SO2最小;NO2期间平均浓度最大值的差异最大,SO2次之,PM10最小. 相似文献