某厂煤气洗涤塔煤气泄漏中毒事故分析

针对某钢铁厂煤气事故,使用定性分析的方法,对喷淋塔泄水作业的试验数据进行了分析,煤气泄漏造成人员中毒原因进行了论证,得出了一些结论,并据此分析煤气泄漏后可能导致人员死亡的范围,为今后采取控制措施提供依据。     

石油化工装置区火灾举高消防车的安全部署研究

举高消防车广泛应用在石油化工装置区火灾中。为高效发挥举高消防车在石油化工装置区火灾中的作用,对石油化工装置区火灾中广泛使用的举高消防车的结构性能进行了分析,针对举高喷射消防车的特点,分析了装置类型、作业场地、安全工作范围、火场热辐射对其在石油化工装置区火灾使用中的影响。分析给出了石油化工装置区火灾中消防通道的要求、举高消防车距离火源的安全距离及其臂架的工作要求,并提出了举高消防车在石油化工装置区火灾中的安全部署要求。研究结果可以为举高消防车在石油化工装置区火灾中的安全部署及作战效能的提高提供技术支持。     

无线电引信抗箔条干扰综述

首先简要叙述了箔条干扰的发展状况。然后对无线电引信抗箔条干扰方法的研究现状进行了综述,介绍了基于频谱展宽、极化特征、多普勒差异、回波信号特征、距离像、稀疏表示等抗箔条干扰方法。最后总结了无线电引信抗箔条干扰技术面临的问题,并对其发展前景作了展望。     

Conserving and managing the subnivium

In regions where snowfall historically has been a defining seasonal characteristic of the landscape, warming winters have reduced the depth, duration, and extent of snowpack. However, most management and conservation has focused on how aboveground wildlife will be affected by altered snow conditions, even though the majority of species that persist through the winter do so under the snowpack in a thermally stable refugium: the subnivium. Shortened winters, forest management practices, and winter recreation can alter subnivium conditions by increasing snow compaction and compromising thermal stability at the soil–snow interface. To help slow the loss of the subnivium in the face of rapidly changing winter conditions, we suggest managers adopt regional conservation plans for identifying threatened snow‐covered environments; measure and predict the effects land cover and habitat management has on local subnivium conditions; and control the timing and distribution of activities that disturb and compact snow cover (e.g., silvicultural practices, snow recreation, and road and trail maintenance). As a case study, we developed a spatially explicit model of subnivium presence in a working landscape of the Chequamegon National Forest, Wisconsin. We identified landscapes where winter recreation and management practices could threaten potentially important areas for subnivium persistence. Similar modeling approaches could inform management decisions related to subnivium conservation. Current climate projections predict that snow seasons will change rapidly in many regions, and as result, we advocate for the immediate recognition, conservation, and management of the subnivium and its dependent species.     

基于GIS的某训练场土壤重金属污染评价

以中国西南地区某训练场的坦克射击区为研究对象,监测并分析了土壤中Pb、Cu、Zn、Co和Ni的含量;采用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评价了采样区的重金属污染状况,同时运用Arcgis软件分析制定出了采样区的污染指数分布图.评价结果表明,坦克射击区Pb、Cu、Zn、Co和Ni分别存在不同程度的污染,重金属内梅罗综合污染指数平均为1.64;Co的单因子指数最高达到了3.84,是未来土壤重金属污染控制中优先关注的元素;污染指数分布图显示,落弹区土壤的重金属污染尤为严重.Cu和Pb污染分布特征较相似,Zn、Co、Ni特征较相似.分析认为,在射击场各种条件综合作用下,Ni和Pb扩散性较强,Cu扩散性较弱;重金属污染源来自于炮弹残片、子弹弹头、火炸药等;残留在土壤中的炮弹残片和子弹弹头会给土壤带来持久性的重金属污染.     

Long-Term Population Changes of Native and Introduced Birds in the Alaka'i Swamp, Kaua'i

Abstract:  Within the last 30 years, five endemic bird species of the Alaka'i Swamp, Kaua'i, Hawai'i, have likely gone extinct. We documented population trends of the remaining avifauna in this time period to identify a common pattern in the Hawaiian Islands: decline of native species and expansion of introduced species. We conducted bird surveys over 100 km² of the Alaka'i and Kōke'e regions of Kaua'i in March–April 2000 to estimate population size, distribution, and range limits of seven native and six introduced forest birds. We compared the results with four previous surveys conducted over the last 30 years. Five of the seven native species we studied have fared well, maintaining sizeable populations (>20,000 individuals) and unchanged or increasing numbers. The endemic 'Akikiki ( Oreomystis bairdi ), however, declined from 6296 (SE ± 1374) to 1472 (SE ± 680) individuals and exhibited range contraction from 88 to 36 km². The 'I'iwi ( Vestiaria coccinea ) also experienced a decline and contraction, though not as severe. Populations of several introduced forest birds are increasing, but all species, excluding the Japanese White-eye ( Zosterops japonicus ), were at low numbers (<5,500 individuals in survey area). One introduced species, the Japanese Bush-Warbler ( Cettia diphone ) recently invaded, whereas another, the Red-billed Leiothrix ( Leiothrix lutea ), has been extirpated. Two hurricanes in the past 20 years appear to have most strongly affected nectarivores and may have contributed to the decline or extinction of several other species. Overall, native bird populations on Kaua'i have exhibited species-specific responses to limiting factors. Although most native populations appear stable, the extant native avifauna is vulnerable as a result of limited distributions and the potential for widespread habitat degradation.