德兴-黄山断裂带及其邻区的地质研究进展

德兴－黄山断裂带以往都被认为是由伏川蛇绿岩套、赣东北蛇绿岩带组成的中元新古代蛇绿混杂岩带，代表扬子板块与华夏板块拼贴的北西界缝合线。近年来的地质调查表明，扬子和华夏两板块拼贴带大致介于宜丰－景德镇断裂、萍乡－广丰－江山断裂带之间，是一个多期碰撞造山带，称江南复合混杂岩带，而德兴－黄山断裂带则不具板块边界性质，仅是该混杂岩带内的一条分隔次级构造单元的边界断裂，总体呈NNE向展布，包括赣东北蛇绿混杂岩和一系列NNE向韧性剪切带和脆性断裂。伏川蛇绿岩和赣东北蛇绿岩走向上无法连接，分别代表江南复合混杂岩带内不同拉分小洋盆的沉积－构造混杂产物。本文对断裂带及其邻区前震旦纪地层重新划分进行了论述。     

昆仑山区构造区划初探

青藏高原虽然经过了多次考察,已经基本摸清了高原的构造格架,然而高原西北部的昆仑山—喀喇昆仑山地区的构造区划仍很不明确。经过这次考察,获得了大量新资料;新发现了库地-苏巴什为一条独立的更早阶段的重要构造界线。考察发现麻札-康西瓦-木孜塔格构造带与东面的昆仑山口-玛沁构造带相联,是真正原第四缝合带所指。由以上这两条构造带把昆仑山分成了北带、中带与南带3部分,而南带从构造发育历史看它与可可西里-巴颜喀喇区相联,不属于真正的昆仑构造区。     

点源基于地表水质排放限值制度设计

针对我国点源排放标准不能确保具体点源所排入的水体地表水质达标的问题,借鉴美国点源基于地表水质排放限值的规则和方法的经验,论证我国建立点源基于地表水质排放限值的必要性,提出点源基于地表水质排放限值的制度框架,并提出政策建议：在法规中补充点源基于地表水质排放限值的相关要求;明确点源排污许可证的制定必须要计算点源基于地表水质的排放限值,并采取与已有的排放标准中严者作为点源的排放限值;授权省级政府制定混合区划定法规.     

Ultra-low concentration of total organic carbon in ultrapure water using ion-exchange resin embedding silanized magnetic nanoparticles

Regeneration of pure water is an important issue not only for the healthy life but also for the fine control of precise processes in various industries.One important issue in ultrahigh purified water is to reduce the amount of total organic carbon(TOC).Herein,we introduce a new approach to reduce the TOC using the surface silanized nanoparticles,in which the magnetic nanoparticles(mNPs) are silanized and then complexed with ion exchange resin(IER) beads.The Fe_3O_4 mNPs are surface modified by using high concentrated vinyltrimethoxysilane(VTMS) and then adhered on the surface of IER beads.The surface modified mNPs have a thick-shell of polysiloxane layer varying from 5 to 22 nm depending on the amount of VTMS used,which leads the significant increase of specific surface area.The IER beads embedding VTMS-silanized mNPs achieves about 7 μg/L of the TOC level in ultrapure water system,which is two orders less than 228 μg/L of the feeding water and one order less than 96 μg/L from the system using pristine IER beads.This result is mainly attributed to the polysiloxane layer forming broccoli-like surface structure and some part by the vinyl group of VTMS exposed to the amines in the water.     

基于城市化的浙江省湾区经济带碳排放时空分布特征及影响因素分析

基于STIRPAT扩展模型与2003-2017年浙江省湾区经济带面板数据,分析碳排放时空分布特征并应用时空地理加权回归模型（GTWR）实证考察城市化视角下碳排放的驱动机制及其时空异质性。结果表明：（1）浙江省湾区经济带各地市碳排放规模逐年增加但增幅不大,增速放缓,碳排放量差异明显,碳排放强度逐年下降,空间上呈现自西南向东北逐渐加大的趋势;（2）经济发展水平和对外开放程度是碳排放的主导因素,其他依次为能源消费结构、技术进步和城市化;（3）各影响因素呈现较强的时空异质性,不同时间、地区各驱动要素的波动方向和强度并不相同。在此基础上具体分析各地区碳排放驱动因素影响情况,为实现区域差异化碳减排策略提供指导。     

我国典型潮间带沉积物-水界面无机氮源汇效应

以中国东部沿海12个典型潮间带为研究对象,通过室内模拟测定了潮间带沉积物-水界面硝酸盐(NO_3~-)和氨氮(NH_4~+)的源汇通量,分析了沉积物对上覆水体无机氮源汇效应的空间分布特征,以及环境因子的影响.结果发现:(1)NO_3~--N的总通量范围是-2.91~3.34 mmol·(m~2·h)~(-1),NH_4~+-N的总通量范围是-4.36~2.34 mmol·(m~2·h)~(-1).12℃和35℃温度下,无机氮的平均值是-0.04 mmol·(m~2·h)~(-1),我国东部典型潮间带沉积物表现为氨氮和硝氮的有效汇库.(2)潮间带的硝氮和氨氮通量存在纬度分异.12℃时,纬度越高,氨氮硝氮通量值越大;25℃和35℃时,潮间带硝氮通量值大小随纬度的变化为,25°~35°N15°~25°N35°~45°N.而氨氮通量值,25°~35°N15°~25°N35°~45°N.(3)温度通过影响硝化反硝化的耦合作用影响无机氮通量.潮间带的NO_3~--N通量随温度的增加而减小,15°~25°N和35°~45°N地区NO_3~--N通量随温度先升高再降低,25°~35°N地区NO_3~--N通量随温度一直减小.每个纬度区,温度越高,NH_4~+-N通量值越低.(4)上覆水体的盐度、沉积物总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)含量,孔隙水氨氮、硝氮浓度,容重等环境因子对通量没有单一的显著影响,协同影响NO_3~--N、NH_4~+-N在潮滩沉积物水界面的空间分异.     

沙区沙化土地封禁保护补偿标准的估算——最小数据方法在甘肃省民勤县的运用

论文以甘肃省民勤县沙化土地封禁保护实践工作为研究背景,运用最小数据方法,估算了激励沙区农户将沙化耕地自愿转化为封禁土地的生态补偿（封禁补偿）标准。以水资源服务表征土地管理方式转变之后的生态系统服务产出,由调查获得的农户机会成本推导出了水资源服务供给曲线,并计算出了封禁补偿标准与土地转化比例、水资源服务供给量之间的定量关系。研究结果表明：1）实施封禁补偿,可激励农户改变沙化耕地利用方式,减少农业用水需求量,增加生态用水供给量,对民勤和石羊河流域生态保护意义重大;2）民勤县规划封禁保护区总面积为1.55万hm²,期望水资源服务产出为1.02亿m³,需要按照19 770元·hm^-2的标准补偿才能激励农户实现这一政策目标;3）以新一轮退耕还林补偿标准3 600元·hm^-2为参照线,只能促使3.51%的沙化耕地转化为封禁土地,在设计封禁补偿机制时,需要提高封禁补偿标准。     

表面活性剂强化原位空气扰动修复实验研究——影响区域及气流分布变化规律

应用一种改进的二维气流可视化装置来研究影响区域（ZOI）内不同介质（粗砂和砾石）和表面活性剂（SDBS）的添加对影响区域以及气流分布规律的影响.结果表明：相同曝气流量下,同种介质中表面活性剂的投加会增大曝气压力.表面活性剂的添加极大地提高了空气饱和度,但在不同介质中作用机理不同.当曝气流量为1000 L/h时,表面活性剂的添加使得粗砂介质（孔道流）和砾石介质（鼓泡流）ZOI的面积分别增大了21.8%和5.2%.这说明在一定粒径范围内,介质粒径越细,表面活性剂的添加对ZOI面积的增加越明显.相同曝气流量下,表面活性剂的添加使粗砂介质中气流分布范围变大且气流分布曲线相对平缓,而砾石介质中气流分布范围不变且气流分布曲线相对陡峭;不同曝气流量下ZOI内气流分布表现出明显的相似性.     

Preparation and characterization of a novel hybrid chelating material for effective adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ)

The discharge of heavy metal ions such as Cu~2+and Pb~2+poses a severe threat to public health and the environment owing to their extreme toxicity and bioaccumulation through food chains Herein, we report a novel organic–inorganic hybrid adsorbent, Al(OH)_3-poly(acrylamide dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)-graft-dithiocarbamate(APD), for rapid and effectiv removal of Cu~2+and Pb~2+. In this adsorbent, the "star-like" structure of Al(OH)3 poly(acrylamide-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) served as the support of dithiocarbamat(DTC) functional groups for easy access of heavy metal ions and assisted development of larg and compact floccules. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). APD was demonstrated to hav rapid adsorption kinetics with an initial rate of 267.379 and 2569.373 mg/(g·min) as well a superior adsorption capacities of 317.777 and 586.699 mg/g for Cu~2+and Pb~2+respectively. Th adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, involving intraparticle diffusion and chemical interaction between heavy metal ions and the functional groups of APD. To assess it versatility and wide applicability, APD was also used in turbid heavy metal wastewater, and performed well in removing suspended particles and heavy metal ions simultaneously through flocculation and chelation. The rapid, convenient and effective adsorption of Cu~2+and Pb~2+give APD great potential for heavy metal decontamination in industrial applications.     

Engineering of responsive polymer based nano-reactors for facile mass transport and enhanced catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

Silver nanoparticles with average diameter of 10 ± 3 nm were synthesized within the sieves of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-acrylic acid)(p(NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc))polymer microgels. Free radial emulsion polymerization was employed for synthesis of p(NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc) polymer microgels. Silver nanoparticles were introduced within the microgels sphere by in situ reduction method. Microgels and hybrid microgels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultra violet-visible spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements. Catalytic activity of Ag-p(NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc) hybrid microgels was studied using catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol(4-NP) as a model reaction in aqueous media. The influence of sodium borohydride(Na BH4) concentration, catalyst dose and 4-NP concentration on catalytic reduction of 4-NP was investigated. A linear relationship was found between catalyst dose and apparent rate constant(kapp). The mechanism of catalysis by hybrid microgels was explored for further development in this area. The deep analysis of catalytic process reveals that the unique combination of NIPAAm, HEMA and AAc does not only stabilize silver nanoparticles in polymer network but it also enhances the mass transport of hydrophilic substrate like 4-NP from outside to inside the polymer network.