Modelling of stem biomass accumulation in Pinus densiflora seedlings exposed to aqueous-phase OH radicals generating mist

The present study aimed to evaluate the short-term biomass accumulation of forest trees exposed to wet acidic depositions. A hierarchical Bayesian model of tree growth was developed based on the data of a short-term experiment in which 2-year-old Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) seedlings were exposed to aqueous phase OH radicals generated by an iron-oxalate-H₂O₂ mist (a pseudo-polluted dew) over two growing periods. We conducted a statistical comparison of tree growth between the control and pollution treatment groups by using the growth model incorporated the random effects due to the unknown characteristics of each seedling. The variability among seedlings is expressed in this model by the posterior probabilistic distributions of unobserved dry weight of a stem cohort before exposure treatment. The analysis of the effects of pollution treatment on the stem growth revealed that this treatment decreases the biomass allocation in the current year stems. However, the effects on the relative growth rate of pre-existing stems were unclear. Based on these results, we can speculate that in a polluted environment, the short-term growth of the young stems in the seedlings inhibited by pollution treatment, thereby resulting in the slowdown of long-term biomass accumulation. This can explain the patterns observed in the declining Japanese red pine forests that are subjected to OH-generating dews in the polluted area of western Japan.     

长白山树线交错带的生物量分配和净生产力

随山地垂直带海拔上升,环境恶化会影响到植物生物量的绝对量和相对量的分配,进而影响到生态系统的碳平衡。测定了位于长白山北坡海拔1900m树线交错带的两个林分:长白落叶松混交林和岳桦林的生物量分配和净生产力,并与低海拔相似林分进行了比较,探讨树线特殊环境下树木的生长反应和生态系统的碳投资策略。树线交错带林分生物量和生产力都出现急剧降低,冠层树干生物量比例急剧降低,而枝、叶生物量比例有显著增加。而根系比例和地下/地上生物量比在两种林分表现出不同的反应,树线落叶松混交林出现急剧增加,而树线岳桦林与低海拔岳桦林相比没有显著差别。枝、叶生物量比例增加,特别是叶生物量分配增加有利于在树线恶劣环境的碳吸收和碳平衡,是对树线交错带大风、积雪等恶劣气候的可塑性适应,树木在树线出现多分枝、矮曲生长型。树线地带落叶松混交林和岳桦林的净生产量也出现急剧降低,但根系生产量比例则较低海拔同类林分高,有利于对土壤中水分和养分的吸收。     

长江三角洲地区臭氧生成过程分析

建立了二维空气质量模式模拟长江三角洲地区臭氧体积分数,模拟结果和实测值吻合较好.并以常熟地区为例分析了臭氧生成过程.结果表明:干沉降对大气臭氧有明显的去除作用,平均为2.1 μL/(m3·h);水平输送过程对臭氧的影响和化学臭氧生成速率P(O₃)具有明显的日变化特征;总体来说,水平输送对臭氧有净的去除,平均为1.9 μL/(m3·h);化学生成过程则增加臭氧体积分数,净生成速率为5.3 μL/(m3·h),表明该地区大气有较强的氧化性;计算了该地区的臭氧生成效率,结果表明1分子NO_x从排放到去除期间可以生成7.5分子O₃.      

清洁过程环境影响评估模块的开发

在过程开发早期阶段考虑环境问题是实现污染预防的有效手段。将环境影响评估功能集成于过程模拟软件是一项重要的工作。以通用模拟软件ECSS—ChStar为平台,开发出环境影响评估模块。该模块可以对物质流、过程单元和总流程提供环境模拟分析,并计算过程方案的环境影响指数。     

聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺尾气吸收系统的改进

针对聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺生产工艺中废气排放量大、尾气吸收得到的盐酸含油量高、难以销售等问题,在分析原因的基础上,对尾气吸收系统进行了技术改进。尾气吸收系统改进后,排放的HCl和Cl2的质量浓度分别由65,42mg／m^3降至为零;产品综合收率由89．5％增加至96．0％;产品成本降低了700元/t。     

污泥厌氧发酵产氢的影响因素

污水生物处理过程中产生大量剩余污泥, 通常采用厌氧发酵处理并获取甲烷气体. 产氢产酸是污泥厌氧消化过程中的一个中间阶段. 本研究考察了原污泥和经碱处理的污泥在不同初始pH(3.0～12.5)条件下的产氢效果, 以及污泥性质和污泥浓度等对产氢效果的影响. 结果表明, 当初始pH为11.0时污泥发酵的产氢率达到最大值.采用原污泥发酵产氢时, 在初始pH为11.0的条件下发酵产氢获得的最大产氢率为8.1 mL/g, 而经碱处理的污泥在同样初始pH的条件下发酵产氢可将其产氢率提高一倍左右, 达到16.9 mL/g. 污泥经碱处理后厌氧发酵4d无甲烷产生, 且可有效地降低氢气消耗的速率. 另外, 污泥的VSS/SS值过低时会大大降低污泥的产氢率, 而污泥浓度对产氢率无明显影响.     

浅议林业安全生产与经济效益

浅析新形势下,林业安全生产存在的问题及其对经济效益的影响和对策。     

日照市畜牧业生产对环境的污染及其防治措施研究

畜禽粪便中大量有机污染物污染着人们赖以生存的土壤和水体,粪尿分解产生的大量有害气体污染了大气。本文结合日照市畜牧业生产的实际,对日照市畜牧业生产对环境的污染现状进行了分析,找出了日照市畜牧业生产对环境污染产生的主要原因和存在问题,提出畜牧业生产对环境污染的防治对策。     

Decomposition of paper wastes in presence of ceramics and cement raw material

Paper recycling is an environmental important activity that is carried out in all the countries, but during the recycling process a paper waste is produced. Generally these wastes are placed in landfill sites but it is possible to profit it as secondary fuel and raw material in manufacture furnaces.

In this work the combustion of the waste papers with cement and ceramic raw material has been studied with the objective to analyse the interaction of these substances with the emitted pollutants like PAHs and PCDD/Fs.

The results of the study show that the presence of inorganic material produces an increment in the lighter PAH emission but chlorinated compounds are not affected. The PCDD/F emission level found in the combustion of this waste is quite low compared with other wastes subjected to similar conditions.     

Differences in the growth response of three bryophyte species to nitrogen

The effect of nitrogen on biomass production, shoot elongation and relative density of the mosses Pleurozium schreberi, Hylocomium splendens and Dicranum polysetum was studied in a chamber experiment. Monocultures were exposed to 10 N levels ranging from 0.02 to 7.35 g N m⁻² during a 90-day period. All the growth responses were unimodal, but the species showed differences in the shape parameters of the curves. Hylocomium and Pleurozium achieved optimum biomass production at a lower N level than Dicranum. Pleurozium had the highest biomass production per tissue N concentration. Tolerance to N was the widest in Dicranum, whereas Hylocomium had the narrowest tolerance. Dicranum retained N less efficiently from precipitation than the other two species, which explained its deviating response. All species translocated some N from parent to new shoots. The results emphasize that the individual responses of bryophytes to N should be known when species are used as bioindicators.