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841.
Kim KY Ko HJ Kim HT Kim YS Roh YM Lee CM Kim CN 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):255-266
This on-site survey study was performed to determine the concentrations and emissions of aerial contaminants in the different
types of swine houses in Korea and then to present beneficial information available for Korean pig producers to manage optimal
air quality in swine house. The swine houses investigated in this research were selected based on three criteria; manure removal
system, ventilation mode and growth stage of swine. Mean concentrations of aerial pollutants in swine houses were 8 ppm for
ammonia, 300 ppb for hydrogen sulfide, 2 mg m−3 for total dust, 0.6 mg m−3 for respirable dust, 4 log(cfu m−3) for total airborne bacteria and 3 log(cfu m−3) for total airborne fungi, respectively. Mean emissions based on pig (liveweight; 75 kg) and area (m2) were 250 and 340 mg h−1 for ammonia, 40 and 50 mg h−1 for hydrogen sulfide, 40 and 50 mg h−1 for total dust, 10 and 15 mg h−1 for respirable dust, 1.0 and 1.3 log(cfu) h−1 for total airborne bacteria and 0.7 and 1.0 log(cfu) h−1 for total airborne fungi, respectively. In general concentrations and emissions of gases were relatively higher in the swine
houses managed with deep-pit manure system with slats and mechanical ventilation mode than the different swine housing types
whereas those of particulates and bioaerosol were highest in the naturally ventilated swine houses with deep-litter bed system. 相似文献
842.
The presence of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in drinking water is of great concern due to their adverse effects on human health. Emerging regulation limiting the concentration of DBPs in drinking water has increased demands for technologies and processes which reduce the formation of DBPs in drinking water. In this study, UV-H2O2 based advance oxidation process (AOP) was used to treat raw surface water. Experiments were conducted using low pressure mercury vapor UV lamps in collimated beam and flow-through annular photoreactors. The effect of UV fluence (0–3500 mJ cm−2) and hydrogen peroxide concentration (0–23 mg l−1) in reducing the concentration of THMs and HAAs was examined. The UV-H2O2 AOP was then coupled with a downstream biological activated carbon (BAC) treatment to assess the synergetic benefits of combining the two treatments. It was observed that UV-H2O2 AOP was only effective at reducing DBPs at UV fluences of more than 1000 mJ cm−2and initial H2O2 concentrations of about or greater than 23 mg l−1. However, the combined AOP–BAC treatment showed significant reductions of 43%, 52%, and 59% relative to untreated raw water for DBPs, TOC, and UV254, respectively. 相似文献
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847.
本文阐述了清洁生产在工业与环境领域中的地位、性质及作用,综述了在工业化日趋成熟的当今世界开展清洁生产的途径、促进清洁生产普及的手段及存在问题,介绍了清洁生产在世界各国及在中国的发展状况和应用前景 相似文献
848.
酒店主要产品服务经济-能源-环境系统分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用投入产出分析方法和能耗寿命周期分析方法相结台。建立了主要产品中间生产和最终服务经济-能源-环境系统投入产出综合计算模型;对国内有代表性的八家酒店主要产品服务系统进行了计算与综合分析:结果显示酒店之间投入产出指标值量大相差2倍以上。具有巨大的改进潜力;酒店内部餐饮服务系统是传统的线性开放式经济发展模式的突出代表。应进行蕾业规模调整、合理配置能源种类和消耗比例、重点实施清洁生产。 相似文献
849.
Rajan K. Sampath Edward W. Sparling Robert A. Young Kenneth C. Nobe 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1986,22(2):191-204
ABSTRACT: During the last three decades, developing countries have invested enormous amounts of resources (running into billions of dollars) in the development of large surface irrigation systems. Investment funds were largely spent on the development of the main systems such as dams, canals and distributaries. Very little attention and resources have been spent on the development of below-the-outlet subsystems, in spite of very low levels of water use efficiency due to lack of proper land leveling, high water losses in field channels, and skewed distribution of available water among farmers served by individual water courses. This state of affairs has resulted in a lack of confidence on the part of most farmers in the reliability of surface irrigation systems to deliver water on time and in adequate quantities which, in turn, has resulted in farmers using below optimum levels of all other complementary inputs except labor. Realizing the importance of improving water use efficiency, both the domestic governments and donor agencies are increasingly paying serious attention to these problems. On-Farm Water Management (OFWM) as a strategy to improve water use efficiency and consequently agricultural production in many developing countries has been currently receiving very wide and vigorous consideration among economists, water management experts, policymakers, and donor agencies. A judicious use of the newly allocated funds of OFWM projects obviously needs proper evaluation procedures so that money could be allocated for the most deserving purposes and projects. In particular, recently, private profitability calculations due to public investments in OFWM activities have received attention from economists and decision makers in developing countries’governments and in donor agencies are very much interested in knowing the impacts of their investments in OFWM activities on farmers’income and welfare. However, the evaluation procedures commonly used in empirical studies, using a production function approach, seem to be at variance and sometimes inconsistent with proper comparative-static procedures. Thus, the primary objective of this paper is to develop consistent procedures for evaluating the impacts created by OFWM investments on farmers’income and resource use. In this context, the paper examines the critical relationship between the market price of the agricultural output and production function parameters which are affected by the OFWM investments. 相似文献
850.
Rick Reibstein 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(5):498-504
The Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act (TURA), one of the original pollution prevention laws, has faced repeated repeal attempts and budget cuts. Yet the Massachusetts toxics use data and other analyses have provided firm indications that the law has actually worked. Though the program has survived it is notable that an approach that both saves money and reduces pollution has been reduced and not expanded. This paper does not attempt to answer the question of why the strategies of TURA have not seen wider application, but offers four stories to illustrate what happens when they are properly applied. The experience of corporate officials who had to comply with TURA, related at a symposium on the occasion of the law’s 20th anniversary, shed light on how a strong pollution prevention law can benefit regulated companies as well as the environment and worker and public health, and provide suggestions, in addition to data and surveys, that TURA-like sets of governance tools should receive wider consideration. 相似文献