Human Population Numbers as a Function of Food Supply

Human population growth has typically been seen as the primary causative factor of other ecologically destructive phenomena. Current human disease epidemics are explored as a function of population size. That human population growth is itself a phenomenon with clearly identifiable ecological/biological causes has been overlooked. Here, human population growth is discussed as being subject to the same dynamic processes as the population growth of other species. Contrary to the widely held belief that food production must be increased to feed the growing population, experimental and correlational data indicate that human population growth varies as a function of food availability. By increasing food production for humans, at the expense of other species, the biologically determined effect has been, and continues to be, an increase in the human population. Understanding the relationship between food increases and population increases is proposed as a necessary first step in addressing this global problem. Resistance to this perspective is briefly discussed in terms of cultural bias in science.     

在中型氮肥厂推行清洁生产

在对合成氨厂污染源调查的基础上,通过对尿素解吸塔的改造、铜洗稀氨水的增浓、氨吸塔含氨废水的循环利用、氨泵密封水的回收,减少了生产过程中污染物－氨氮的产生量,并取得了显著的经济效益。     

对《太原市清洁生产条例》若干问题的分析

对我国第一部清洁生产法规——《太原市清洁生产条例》,从立法的必要性、清洁生产的内涵、自愿与强制性行为、企业清洁生产管理机制、污染关系主体进行了分析,并对《条例》的实施问题进行了讨论。     

重视职工安全心理与需要

通过对职工安全心理过程 ,职工个性差异 ,管理人员安全心理以及职工安全需要的分析 ,阐述了其与企业安全生产的关系 ,并提出了满足职工安全需要 ,促进企业安全生产的途径     

贯彻“预防为主”的方针加强安全生产管理及职能转变的思考

为认真贯彻落实“安全第一 ,预防为主”的思想和安全生产工作方针 ,从坚持“以防为主”树立大安全思想等 6个方面进行论述 ;力求促进健全完善适应市场经济的现行安全生产管理体制 ,在宏观与微观 ,群管与专管、理论与实践的结合上 ,强化管理 ,取得实效。     

企业安全生产工作的关键是落实责任制

通过现阶段的安全生产形势的分析,指出企业安全生产工作的关键是落实安全生产责任制,也就是要摆正安全与生产、安全与效益的关系,真正从组织上、制度上、管理上落实安全生产责任制,依法管理。     

稠油废水COD处理工艺研究

通过对多种絮凝剂的试验研究,筛选出UP-11混凝剂,在其投加量为2.4 mL/L时,油与COD去除效果最佳。同时在此基础上采用膜SBR法对絮凝出水做进一步处理,当运行条件为:进水0.5h、曝气4h、沉淀1h、排水0.5h时,出水完全达到国家规定的污水排放标准。     

Biodiversity Loss in Latin American Coffee Landscapes: Review of the Evidence on Ants,Birds, and Trees

Abstract: Studies have documented biodiversity losses due to intensification of coffee management (reduction in canopy richness and complexity). Nevertheless, questions remain regarding relative sensitivity of different taxa, habitat specialists, and functional groups, and whether implications for biodiversity conservation vary across regions. We quantitatively reviewed data from ant, bird, and tree biodiversity studies in coffee agroecosystems to address the following questions: Does species richness decline with intensification or with individual vegetation characteristics? Are there significant losses of species richness in coffee‐management systems compared with forests? Is species loss greater for forest species or for particular functional groups? and Are ants or birds more strongly affected by intensification? Across studies, ant and bird richness declined with management intensification and with changes in vegetation. Species richness of all ants and birds and of forest ant and bird species was lower in most coffee agroecosystems than in forests, but rustic coffee (grown under native forest canopies) had equal or greater ant and bird richness than nearby forests. Sun coffee (grown without canopy trees) sustained the highest species losses, and species loss of forest ant, bird, and tree species increased with management intensity. Losses of ant and bird species were similar, although losses of forest ants were more drastic in rustic coffee. Richness of migratory birds and of birds that forage across vegetation strata was less affected by intensification than richness of resident, canopy, and understory bird species. Rustic farms protected more species than other coffee systems, and loss of species depended greatly on habitat specialization and functional traits. We recommend that forest be protected, rustic coffee be promoted, and intensive coffee farms be restored by augmenting native tree density and richness and allowing growth of epiphytes. We also recommend that future research focus on potential trade‐offs between biodiversity conservation and farmer livelihoods stemming from coffee production.     

一株高效产氢突变体RF-9的筛选与产氢特性

以从连续流搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)内的活性污泥中分离出的厌氧产氢菌Ethanologenens sp.ZGX4为出发菌株,经过紫外线和亚硝酸复合诱变,从大量的突变体中筛选出一株稳定的高效产氢菌株RF-9.磷酸盐浓度在120mmol/L、温度37℃、初始pH6.0、葡萄糖浓度10g/L培养条件下,RF-9的单位体积产氢量和氢气产率为139.7mmol/L和2.52mol H2/mol葡萄糖,分别是对照的1.50倍和1.43倍.在发酵时间为15h、pH4.1、细胞干重0.722g/L时,RF-9获得其最大产氢速率345mLH₂/(h·L),是对照ZGX4的1.41倍.RF-9的主要液相末端产物为乙醇和乙酸,为典型的乙醇发酵细菌,与对照相似.     

“可持续生产”与“清洁生产”内涵辨析

就可持续生产在可持续发展中的重要性而言,厘清可持续生产的含义并对可持续生产与清洁生产的内涵进行辨析十分必要.阐明可持续发展的确切含义,将其定义为与人、自然、社会相和谐的生产活动或方式.在此基础上,结合清洁生产含义,指出了可持续生产与清洁生产在实施层面、目标指向和内容维度三方面的区别:①清洁生产的实施层面仅局限于企业层面,而可持续生产却涉及到整个社会层面;②在生产活动对人和社会的影响方面,可持续生产的目标指向比清洁生产更为全面;③可持续生产是在“技术”、“制度”2个维度上的双向拓展,而清洁生产仅是在“技术”维度上的单维延伸.