省域旅游扶贫工程研究

旅游扶贫工程是解决贫困问题、促进区域协调发展的重要途径。以广东为代表，在省城范围内开展的立体化协作旅游扶贫工程是一个实践创新，上个月政府主导、区域协调、系统动作、产业扶贫等特点和优势。本文在广东三年多来的实践基础上，首次提出“省域旅游扶贫工程”概念，并对这一新兴的旅游扶贫模式进行了系统研究，探讨了其运行机制，分析了其实施过程中可能面临的挑战和误区，最后提出了基于政策实践的相关建议。     

Mangrove mapping in Ecuador: The impact of shrimp pond construction

A cooperative mangrove mapping project between the Ecuadorian Center for Remote Sensing (CLIRSEN) and the University of Delaware was begun in August 1982. The objectives of the project were to create historical maps of mangrove ecosystem extent and change, while transferring aerial photographic interpretation techniques to Ecuadorian personnel. The result of this cooperation was a series of three 125,000 scale maps of historical mangrove extent and change from 1966 to 1982 in the southern Gulf of Guayaquil. This multitemporal study showed a 16% decrease in mangrove extent and a 27% increase in shrimp pond development. If these rates of change prevail into the future, mangroves in Ecuador will reach parity with shrimp ponds in 1984 and completely disappear by mid-1990. Recognizing the significance of this loss to shellfish and fish production along the coast, Ecuadorian scientists at CLIRSEN have subsequently initiated a nationwide mangrove mapping program to create a historical base for future mangrove management strategies.     

Methodological convergence as an issue within environmental cognition research

Two perspectives in the analysis of pointing and mapping tasks as the measure of representations of the large-scale environment are examined. These two perspectives are: (1) an individual difference approach; and (2) a cognitive representational approach. Convergence between methods assessing the same geographical/spatial knowledge is necessary as evidence for the existence of unified cognitive-spatial representations of the environment.Three sets of analyses interrelate performance on pointing and mapping tasks. In the first analysis, a confirmatory factor analytic model is applied to short tests of pointing and mapping accuracy to determine whether one or two factors are needed to account for covariation between the tests. In the second analysis, covariation among errors in pointing and mapping of specific locations is partitioned into general and specific method factors using the Schmid-Leiman procedure. In the third analysis, pointing errors for identical locations within the mapping and pointing tasks are directly compared on the basis of directional errors.The three analyses indicate that: (1) tests of pointing and mapping measure highly related abilities; (2) the targets used in pointing and mapping tasks are of differential importance in identifying general and specific method factors; and (3) there is little or no direct correspondence between directional errors made in pointing tasks and those occurring in mapping tasks for the same locations.When results of the three analyses are examined in relationship to criteria for convergence of pointing and mapping tasks, little evidence is found to suggest that directional errors in these tasks arise from a unified mental representation of the geographical environment. However, substantial predictable individual differences are apparent for both tasks.     

特殊环境下清障爆破方法研究

分析了地下军事设施战损抢修清障爆破的环境特点,在分析多种影响因素的基础上确定了高能燃烧剂爆破和聚能切割爆破2种清障方法,并介绍了各自的作用原理和基本设计。爆破试验结果表明,高能燃烧剂爆破和聚能切割爆破在地下军事设施战损抢修清障爆破中的应用是可行的。     

燃煤电厂烟气脱汞技术现状分析与展望

燃煤汞污染近些年来被世界公认为继燃煤硫污染之后的又一大污染问题,燃煤汞排放控制方法的研究开发将是21世纪最重要的环保课题之一。燃煤电厂汞排放控制是目前国际上研究的热点,开发出有效低成本的脱汞技术迫在眉睫。文章综述了国内外有关此方面的研究,并进行了简要的分析总结;对未来燃煤电厂烟气汞污染控制技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

加强《内蒙古环境科学》对环境保护的支持力度

《内蒙古环境科学》所载论文均为环境保护及环境科学领域关于环境科学研究的动向、成果、经验,传播科技信息、交流学术思想,促进环境科技成果高品化、产业化,推动内蒙古自治区环境科学事业深入发展。期刊对环境保护及环境科学领域的学科建设,学术水平的提高、学术信息的传播及师资队伍的建设有着重要影响。因此,要进一步加强《内蒙古环境科学》对环境保护的支持力度,要深刻认识这一科学意义。通过对环境保护及环境科学方面的有力支持,形成《内蒙古环境科学》期刊自身的规划建设与环境科学领域发展的良性循环。     

“化危机为转机”：灾害救助中社工组织的角色实践及行为策略

以往大部分文献从经济、政治和管理学等角度对“全能政府”与灾害危机之间的关系进行了探讨,过于重视政府角色的扩张,却忽略了非营利部门在灾害救助中的作用。本着社工非营利组织能发挥积极的“补充性（suplementary）”而非“替代性”作用的观点,本文围绕一个核心问题展开,即“社工非营利组织如何根据地震灾害的实际情况制定不同的行为策略,发展出一套组织生存法则”。虽然一些学者对社工组织在灾害救助过程中能否扮演重要角色或功能仍有质疑,但本文认为,社工组织通过“自省”（self-reflection）和“自我观照”（inner-understanding）,制定正确的行为策略,就能将灾害危机化为组织发展契机。     

基于计算机控制实现原油自动计量

介绍了原油自动计量系统的构成、硬件配置、应用软件和应用效果。     

乌海市节能减排要有新思路

尽管世界金融风暴放缓了世界节能减排的步伐,但节能减排仍是中央经济工作会议确定的我国2009年重点工作之一。对于新兴资源型工业城市乌海市来说,确保经济平稳快速增长的同时,又要顺利完成“十一五”节能减排目标,必须要有新的节能减排思路。     

常熟市农业和农村污染的优先控制区域识别

农业和农村污染发生的广域性、分散性和随机性等特征,使得农村污染治理难以抓住重点.在乡镇级单元尺度上,采用清单分析法,核算江苏省常熟市农田种植(化学肥料施用和作物秸秆遗弃)、畜禽养殖、水产养殖、农村生活(生活污水和人粪尿、生活垃圾)共4类6种农业和农村污染源的化学需氧量(COD)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)排放量和排放强度,采用聚类分析法,通过敏感性评价识别出农业和农村污染的优先控制区域和优先控制污染源,从而使得农业和农村污染控制与管理措施更具针对性.结果表明,2007年常熟市农业和农村污染源COD、TN和TP的排放量分别为5496.07、4161.03、647.54t.a-1,COD、TN和TP的排放强度分别为48.84、36.98、5.75kg.hm-2.COD的主要污染源是农村生活和水产养殖,贡献率在75%以上,TN和TP的主要污染源是农田种植和水产养殖,贡献率在80%以上.敏感性评价识别出古里镇和沙家浜镇是常熟市农业和农村污染的优先控制区域,农田种植和水产养殖是优先控制区域内要优先控制的污染源.