地面沉降研究中地质钻孔剖面框架图的快速生成

针对地面沉降中如何利用EXCEL格式存储的钻孔数据快速组成MAPGIS图形文件进行了讨论,利用VBA for EXCEL编程环境,可以将钻孔数据文件迅速转化成MAPGIS明码格式的钻孔剖面框架图,为地质分析研究提供基础.     

Attitudes to nuclear energy: Beliefs,values and false consensus

Attitudinal differences regarding the use of nuclear energy were investigated. Results obtained in a random sample drawn from the population of four communities in The Netherlands within 30 miles of a nuclear power plant showed a strong relationship between subjects' attitudes towards nuclear energy and their perceptions of the possible consequences of nuclear energy. ‘Pro’- and ‘con’-subjects showed marked differences in the importance attached to the different possible consequences and their endorsement of the salience of more general social issues. Results provide support for the view that individuals perceive a false consensus with respect to the relative prevalence of similar attitudes among other people. Finally, subjects' perceptions of others with similar or opposing attitudes towards the issue of nuclear energy showed marked differences in evaluation especially for the extreme attitude groups.     

Diverging meanings of development among architects and three other professional groups

Previous research has shown that designers' and architects' evaluations of visual stimuli, and of urban and rural environments are not necessarily shared by non-designers and non-architects. Such conclusions may be biased by instrumentation and methodological problems, namely, previous instruments often require verbal responses about stimuli. Hence, non-designers and non-architects may be less capable in expressing themselves, but perceive the same things as the professionals. Another problem stems from professionals who have a narrow range of traits being compared with a general population that has a broader range of traits and therefore has greater within-group variance. This study presents an instrument and a methodology for dealing with these problems in addition to examining the perceptual orientations of architects in comparison to three other professions. Results indicate that architects varied from the other professional groups in their quantitative judgments of the habitats studied but not from all groups in their qualitative judgments. Hence, architects may be a distinct professional culture for some design variables only.     

装备统一环境试验条件研究

通过梳理武器装备运输、贮存、发射和飞行等任务环境剖面,分析任务环境剖面对应的环境特征和实测环境数据,研究建立武器装备统一环境试验条件的可行性。研究结果表明,武器装备运输振动、冲击环境以及飞行振动、噪声环境剖面结合实测数据可以建立统一环境试验条件。     

一种新型有机肥和蔬菜专用肥的施用效果

蔬菜施用一种添加了NPK增效剂的新型有机肥和蔬菜专用肥比习惯施用鸡粪有机肥和进口复合肥的增产21．9％，达极显著水平；但施用新型有机肥的不同基肥量对单造蔬菜生产的影响未达显著水平，对单造菜心产量贡献最大的基肥施用量是1233．6g／m^2。研究表明这种NPK增效剂作为肥料生产助剂具有很好的经济效应。     

微生物法在油气勘探中的应用研究

石油天然气的微生物勘探法是通过测定土壤中以微渗漏轻烃为食物来源的微生物菌落来圈定烃类渗漏的范围.本文探讨了甲烷氧化菌、厌氧纤维素分解菌和硫酸盐还原菌在油气勘探中的意义,并将其作为指示微生物,以川西孝泉地区已知天然气田为例,对微生物油气勘查技术的试验效果进行研究.结果发现,在气田上方指示微生物存在明显异常现象,即在气田上方甲烷氧化菌、厌氧纤维素分解菌数量较少,硫酸菌还原菌较高;气田外缘甲烷氧化菌、厌氧纤维素分解菌数量较高,而硫酸菌还原菌较低.研究表明,微生物地表油气勘探技术用于油气预测是有效的.图2参12     

Costa Rica's Payment for Environmental Services Program: Intention, Implementation, and Impact

Abstract:  We evaluated the intention, implementation, and impact of Costa Rica's program of payments for environmental services (PSA), which was established in the late 1990s. Payments are given to private landowners who own land in forest areas in recognition of the ecosystem services their land provides. To characterize the distribution of PSA in Costa Rica, we combined remote sensing with geographic information system databases and then used econometrics to explore the impacts of payments on deforestation. Payments were distributed broadly across ecological and socioeconomic gradients, but the 1997–2000 deforestation rate was not significantly lower in areas that received payments. Other successful Costa Rican conservation policies, including those prior to the PSA program, may explain the current reduction in deforestation rates. The PSA program is a major advance in the global institutionalization of ecosystem investments because few, if any, other countries have such a conservation history and because much can be learned from Costa Rica's experiences.     

Temporal changes in demand for and supply of nests in red bishops (Euplectes orix): dynamics of a biological market

The red bishop (Euplectes orix) is a highly polygynous and colonial weaverbird. Males construct several nests within their territories to which they try to attract females, and females are solely responsible for incubation and raising offspring. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of the red bishop’s mating system as a biological market and investigate the role of nests built by males as a traded commodity in a mating market. As timing of breeding in red bishops in arid and semi-arid zones depends on rainfall patterns which are often unpredictable, there are temporal changes in demand for and supply of nests within a breeding season, with breeding activities of males and females being highly synchronised. We found that males increased their nest-building speed with increased female breeding activity independently of rainfall, indicating that supply follows demand in this mating market. The supply of nests was always larger than the demand for nests. Construction costs for nests increased with demand for nests as indicated by shorter nest-building duration and shorter building delays between two consecutively built nests at times of high breeding activity. Males as a trading class are chosen according to the age of their nests offered, with young nests having a higher probability of being accepted by females. Furthermore, female choosiness with regard to nest age decreased when their own market value decreased, as predicted by biological market theory. The temporal changes of breeding activity together with the female preference for young and fresh nests require that males quickly adjust nest-building activity to varying female demand for new nests. However, males with a better adjustment of building speed to female breeding activity did not gain higher mating success.     

A Simple Model to Determine In Situ Mixing Height Growth from Surface Measurements

A generic In Situ Mixing Height Growth (IMG) model, capable of predicting the real-time growth of the mixed layer and its diurnal evolution from routinely observed simple surface meteorological is developed. The algorithm for the determination of temporally growing daytime mixing height includes both convective and mechanical turbulence contributions. It accounts for neutral as well as height varying potential temperature gradients above the mixed layer. For thermally stable and mechanically dominated unstable night time Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) the module uses similarity formulae based on the wind velocity [1]), the Monin—Obukhov length [2], and the Coriolis parameter. In the convective case simple slab model is integrated, based on initial lapse rate and the surface heat flux. The lapse rate is evaluated on the basis of vertical atmospheric stability, surface type and surface temperature. This differentiates the IMG model from other existing mixing height models that need initial measured lapse rate for calculation. IMG model is site specific as it calculates the radiative incoming heat flux depending on the solar declination estimates based on-site latitude and longitude. The IMG model is applied to calculate mixing height for India by using surface data (viz. wind speed, surface temperature, surface type) from 152 surface meteorological stations. Results have been evaluated with radiosonde mixing height data procured from 18 upper air stations. Sensitivity analysis of the model with respect to various parameters is performed. The model is formulated after reviewing presently available radiosonde mixing height data in India and can satisfactorily provide an alternative means of estimating mixing height for air pollution dispersion models.     

高层建筑水箱浸出有机物的GC/MS分析

采用高分子大网状吸附树脂(XAD)富集技术和GC/MS方法,对国内七种材料的水箱浸出有机物进行了分析,共计检出有机物百余种.根据测定结果可以判定,作为水箱的材质和涂料,水泥、SHZ-90瓷釉和玻璃钢是比较好的,其次为环氧树脂;聚胺酯和“青凝”涂料配方中都存在较大问题,应进一步改进;防锈漆问题最多,效果最差,应逐步淘汰.这一工作为合理地选择水箱材料和二次加压高层建筑供水设施的卫生学评价提供了科学依据.