Photocatalytic degradation kinetics and mechanism of pentachlorophenol based on superoxide radicals

Pentachlorophenol could be photocatalytically reduced with superoxide radicals in aqueous solution under simulated sunlight irradiation.     

气候变化对淮北地区面源污染的影响及综合调控

分析了安徽省淮北地区面源污染的现状与压力,从污染物的产生、迁移、转化与汇聚的机理讨论气候变化对面源污染的影响机制,最后从源头控制、途径控制、末端治理、调控机制建设4个层面提出综合调控措施.     

Interfacial mechanisms of heterogeneous Fenton reactions catalyzed by iron-based materials: A review

The heterogeneous Fenton reaction can generate highly reactive hydroxyl radicals(·OH)from reactions between recyclable solid catalysts and H_2O_2 at acidic or even circumneutral pH.Hence,it can effectively oxidize refractory organics in water or soils and has become a promising environmentally friendly treatment technology.Due to the complex reaction system,the mechanism behind heterogeneous Fenton reactions remains unresolved but fascinating,and is crucial for understanding Fenton chemistry and the development and application of efficient heterogeneous Fenton technologies.Iron-based materials usually possess high catalytic activity,low cost,negligible toxicity and easy recovery,and are a superior type of heterogeneous Fenton catalysts.Therefore,this article reviews the fundamental but important interfacial mechanisms of heterogeneous Fenton reactions catalyzed by iron-based materials..OH,hydroperoxyl radicals/superoxide anions(HO_2./O_2~-.)and high-valent iron are the three main types of reactive oxygen species(ROS),with different oxidation reactivity and selectivity.Based on the mechanisms of ROS generation,the interfacial mechanisms of heterogeneous Fenton systems can be classified as the homogeneous Fenton mechanism induced by surface-leached iron,the heterogeneous catalysis mechanism,and the heterogeneous reaction-induced homogeneous mechanism.Different heterogeneous Fenton systems catalyzed by characteristic iron-based materials are comprehensively reviewed.Finally,related future research directions are also suggested.     

强化高锰酸钾氧化体系中自由基的产生与利用研究进展

高锰酸钾在水处理行业中的应用已趋于成熟,但与臭氧、芬顿及其他高级氧化技术相比,高锰酸钾与难降解有机污染物的反应速率较低,需要与其它方法联用来强化自身的氧化能力.近年来随着对强化高锰酸钾氧化机理研究的不断深入,人们发现该体系中产生的自由基对有机污染物的降解有显著的促进作用.为此本文综述了强化高锰酸钾氧化体系中各类无机与有...     

改性生物炭对水体中头孢噻肟的吸附机制

采用液相浸渍方法制备3种改性生物炭,采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、比表面积测定仪和元素分析仪等手段表征生物炭表面结构形貌和组成.以头孢噻肟为探针分子,考察改性生物炭对头孢噻肟的吸附性能及吸附影响因素,并探究其吸附机理.结果表明,30min时碱改性生物炭（BC-NaOH）对头孢噻肟的吸附率为83%,符合伪二级动力学方程（R²>0.99）,吸附率显著大于其他几种材料.热力学研究表明,BC-NaOH吸附头孢噻肟是自发放热过程.基于反应热力学及吸附率影响因素分析,得出BC-NaOH吸附头孢噻肟的机理是疏水亲和作用和静电引力.     

聚马来酸酐树脂的制备及其对水中环丙沙星的吸附行为和机制

通过沉淀聚合法合成聚马来酸酐树脂(Polymaleic Anhydride Resin,PMA),采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、比表面分析(BET)和热重(TG)分析对PMA进行了表征.同时,利用PMA对水中环丙沙星(CPX)进行吸附去除,系统研究了原料配比、PMA投加量、pH、离子强度和温度等因素对C...     

浮萍塘中氮归趋模式模拟分析

通过模拟分析浮萍塘中氮的循环迁移过程,考察了N主要迁移途径对各形态氮的去除贡献,并确定了水环境季节变化对氮循环过程影响.模拟结果显示:浮萍塘中氮的去除主要通过硝化/反硝化作用实现,而有机氮沉降以及氨氮挥发作用对TN去除贡献仅为2.1%.浮萍塘中氨氮和硝态氮的变化主要受硝化和反硝化作用影响;有机氮主要受藻类腐败以及氨化作用影响;底泥中氮的变化主要由有机氮沉降和底泥中氮氨化过程控制.此外,浮萍塘能有效去除水体中藻类,并维持藻类的较低含量;浮萍主要通过促进硝化/反硝化速率来提高系统对TN的去除能力.     

GEIA-STD-0009《系统设计、研制和制造可靠性大纲标准》分析

研究了GEIA-STD-0009《系统设计、研制和制造可靠性大纲标准》的制定背景,分析了该标准的制定过程,主要介绍了该标准4个可靠性目标及信息流,简述了每个目标的6个组成部分,详细阐述了13项规范性可靠性活动.     

Aquatic arsenic: phytoremediation using floating macrophytes

Phytoremediation, a plant based green technology, has received increasing attention after the discovery of hyperaccumulating plants which are able to accumulate, translocate, and concentrate high amount of certain toxic elements in their above-ground/harvestable parts. Phytoremediation includes several processes namely, phytoextraction, phytodegradation, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization and phytovolatilization. Both terrestrial and aquatic plants have been tested to remediate contaminated soils and waters, respectively. A number of aquatic plant species have been investigated for the remediation of toxic contaminants such as As, Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Hg, etc. Arsenic, one of the deadly toxic elements, is widely distributed in the aquatic systems as a result of mineral dissolution from volcanic or sedimentary rocks as well as from the dilution of geothermal waters. In addition, the agricultural and industrial effluent discharges are also considered for arsenic contamination in natural waters. Some aquatic plants have been reported to accumulate high level of arsenic from contaminated water. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), duckweeds (Lemna gibba, Lemna minor, Spirodela polyrhiza), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), water ferns (Azolla caroliniana, Azolla filiculoides, and Azolla pinnata), water cabbage (Pistia stratiotes), hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) and watercress (Lepidium sativum) have been studied to investigate their arsenic uptake ability and mechanisms, and to evaluate their potential in phytoremediation technology. It has been suggested that the aquatic macrophytes would be potential for arsenic phytoremediation, and this paper reviews up to date knowledge on arsenic phytoremediation by common aquatic macrophytes.     

全球气候变化的成因探析

探析了引起全球气候变化的温室气体效应、太阳变化、火山喷发、对流层气溶胶等外部强迫效应，以及导致大气和海洋间能量再分配的埃尔尼诺事件等所引起的气候变化。进一步讨论了气候系统内部的、涉及地球生物学和化学的几种气候反馈机制。