Clumsiness and elegance in environmental management: applying cultural theory to the history of whaling

The global whaling debate is one of the most well-known environmental disputes; despite the continued moratorium, both whaling and conflict continue. This endless discord has been criticised as deleterious to whale conservation and as imperialistic towards whaling communities. The history of the whaling debate is examined through the lens of cultural theory (CT). CT argues that there is productive potential in respectful interaction between different perspectives on an environmental issue. Using CT, modern whaling past and present is reconstructed, tracking how different actors have come to prominence, altering the nature of the policy landscape through their actions. Since the onset of modern whaling, whales and whaling practice have been conceived in narrow terms, depending on the dominance of particular actors on either side of the debate. Proposed solutions to the impasse are assessed according to the maxims of CT.     

基于轴—辐理论的皖江城市带物流网络空间构建

大力发展现代物流业和皖江城市带承接产业转移示范区建设是两大重要国家级战略.首先对轴—辐理论的国内外研究现状进行了总结和归纳,分析了轴—辐网络的结构及其优劣势.其次,设计了物流中心性指数的评价指标体系,运用主成分分析法对皖江城市带的9个地级城市进行物流节点等级划分,根据分析结果的总得分和区位特征确定合肥、芜湖、安庆3个一级物流节点,形成轴三角.分析了各级物流节点间的干线及支线物流通道,构建了皖江城市带轴—辐物流网络空间.     

Landscape network congruency at the ecoregion scale: can we expect corridor ‘umbrellas’?

Conservation planners are faced with numerous choices regarding ‘what to connect’ when modeling landscape networks on an ecoregion scale. A simplifying assumption is often that coarse-scale corridors may provide overlapping or ‘umbrella’ effects for multiple conservation scenarios. To examine this, we assessed differences in connectivity models arising from four different conservation scenarios for the transboundary Northern Appalachian/Acadian Ecoregion (330,000 km²). Models resulted in networks comprised of varying levels of connectedness, suggesting the presence of local connectivity at several sub-ecoregion scales, but diminished ecoregion-scale connectivity. Our results also indicate that selecting ‘what to connect’ at the ecoregion scale strongly influences the location and extent of modeled corridors. Further, our evidence suggests that landscape networks derived for one scenario are not likely to produce far-reaching corridor umbrellas or highly coincident landscape networks for alternative conservation scenarios with varying goals. As a result, alternative landscape networks should not be considered functionally equivalent.     

基于源-汇理论和最小累积阻力模型的城市生态安全格局构建——以安徽省宁国市为例

根据景观生态学相关理论,选取高程、坡度、土地利用类型、植被覆盖度、土壤侵蚀、距风景名胜区距离、距水体距离、距道路距离、距居民点距离、距工业用地距离、距矿点距离等11个生态安全评价因子,应用GIS空间分析技术对安徽省宁国市生态安全等级进行划分,并采用基于源汇理论的最小累积阻力(MCR)模型构建宁国市生态廊道和生态节点,优化生态网络布局.模拟结果表明,宁国市总体生态安全水平较高,高度安全的区域面积为1174.38 km2,占区域总面积的48.41%;低度安全的区域面积为232.07 km2,占区域总面积的9.57%;在生态安全评价的基础上,提取了宁国市88条潜在生态廊道,总长度约1426.99 km,生态节点57个.与现有生态廊道相比较,宁国市需进一步补充11条主要生态廊道,总长度约241.37 km,这对城市生态安全保护具有重要的意义.     

Modelling and analysis of sustainable manufacturing system using a digraph-based approach

Abstract

Sustainable manufacturing practices have many benefits like cleaner production, resource efficiency along with economic benefits. Sustainable manufacturing practices focuses on four dimensions environment, economy, business and society. The effective deployment of sustainable concepts mostly depends on interaction of these sustainable dimensions. In this study, an attempt on assessment through modelling has been presented. Mostly two factors determine the sustainable performance of organisation: the performance of the criteria is identified under four dimensions (inheritance) and their interaction (interdependency) among each other. Thus, graph theory-based modelling has been done considering both inheritance and interdependency for computing Overall Organisation Sustainability (OOS) score. Finally, permanent scores for matrices obtained from experts’ team have been computed. OOS score for the organisation has been computed and is compared with the scores of hypothetical scenarios. Through the comparison with hypothetically generated practical best and worst-case scenario, insights have been derived.     

Towards a Formal Framework of Vulnerability to Climate Change

There is confusion regarding the notion of “vulnerability” in the climate change scientific community. Recent research has identified a need for formalisation, which would support accurate communication and the elimination of misunderstandings that result from the use of ambiguous terminology. Moreover, a formal framework of vulnerability is a prerequisite for computational approaches to its assessment. This paper presents an attempt at developing such a formal framework. We see vulnerability as a relative concept in the sense that accurate statements about vulnerability are possible only if one clearly specifies (1) the entity that is vulnerable, (2) the stimulus to which it is vulnerable and (3) the preference criteria to evaluate the outcome of the interaction between the entity and the stimulus. We relate the resulting framework to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change conceptualisation of vulnerability and two recent vulnerability studies. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Gerhard Petschel-Held, whose pioneering work on syndromes of global change has been a source of inspiration for us and for others across various schools of thought on vulnerability.     

基于灰色理论的黑龙江省暴雨洪涝特征分析及灾变预测

基于灰色理论和气象灾害普查资料对黑龙江省暴雨洪涝灾害时空分布特征进行了分析并进行了灾变预测。黑龙江省暴雨洪涝灾害主要发生在5-9月,其中7月损失最大;1990年以来暴雨次数虽然有所减少,但暴雨洪涝造成的损失却明显增加;黑龙江省暴雨洪涝灾害可划分为严重洪涝区、重洪涝区、中洪涝区和轻洪涝区,严重洪涝区位于松花江及其支流沿岸的大庆市、伊春市、齐齐哈尔市、佳木斯市和哈尔滨市。根据灰色灾变预测理论预测2013年出现严重暴雨洪涝灾害(全省农作物受灾面积≥500 000 hm2、可比经济损失≥50 000万元)的可能性最大,其次是2016年。     

基于熵权物元可拓模型的地下空间火灾安全评价

为了准确评价地下空间的安全性,降低地下空间火灾事故的风险,从地下空间主动防火能力、地下空间被动防火能力、安全疏散能力以及安全管理能力4个层次构建地下空间火灾安全评价指标体系。采用熵权法和物元可拓理论建立了地下空间火灾风险的熵权可拓评价模型,并在某地下商城的火灾安全评价中进行了实际应用。结果表明,该地下商场空间的火灾安全评价等级为二级,与实际地下商场火灾安全状态相符。本文研究表明基于熵权的可拓理论可以适用于地下空间火灾的安全评价,有利于提升地下空间的火灾风险应对。     

CuCl2改性飞灰吸附气相零价汞

采用CuCl₂对循环流化床锅炉飞灰进行改性,在固定床反应器上对CuCl₂改性飞灰进行了气相零价汞（Hg⁰）吸附实验。考察了CuCl₂负载量和吸附温度对改性飞灰Hg⁰吸附能力的影响,并结合颗粒内扩散模型、准一阶动力学模型、准二阶动力学模型和耶洛维奇模型拟合结果分析该过程的控制步骤。结果表明： CuCl₂改性飞灰的Hg⁰穿透时间远大于未改性飞灰,对Hg⁰的吸附量随CuCl₂负载量的增加而增加;CuCl₂改性飞灰的Hg⁰吸附能力随吸附温度的升高先增大后减小,150 ℃为最佳吸附温度;准二阶动力学模型的拟合值与实验值相关系数最高,且该模型初始吸附速率与实验值最为接近,即准二阶动力学模型更适合于描述CuCl₂改性飞灰的Hg⁰吸附过程。     

针对IEEE802.11标准的无线局域网的攻击和防卫研究

无线局域网由于其自由组网的快捷、使用方便和成本低等优势 ,备受青睐 ,尤其是那些受地理条件限制的地方布置有线网络困难且成本高 ,以及临时使用的诸如国际会议、灾区救助的情况下的局域通信需要快速组网等 ,但是由于其通信的内容的公开性也容易被攻击者获得 ,其安全问题变得十分突出。基于对无线局域网的信息机密性、完整性和可用性面临的攻击的详细分析 ,结合相应的安全技术原理的论述 ,提出了将双向认证、数据加密技术、防火墙和增强的完整性校验 ,“四位一体”的安全防卫方案 ,从而保证了无线局域网的整体安全 ,对无线局域网的健康发展具有一定的理论和实践意义。