结构红利与资源诅咒——西部大开发以来内蒙古产业结构变迁绩效评价

统计分析表明,西部大开发以来内蒙古经济存在越来越严重的就业-产值结构偏离趋势。采用shilt—share方法分别对西部大开以来内蒙古、西部和全国的劳动生产率进行分解和比较分析发现,内蒙古的结构红利不显著。因此,近年来内蒙古经济虽有良好的增长绩效,但其资源依赖型增长正通过价格机制和制度效率两个途径制约着产业结构的高级化与合理化变迁,即存在潜在的资源诅咒问题。     

内蒙古省级层面碳汇总量评估必要性与框架初探

结合国内外最新研究进展，制定适合内蒙古区域特点的碳汇测算方法和评估体系框架，科学估算碳汇状况，系统分析我区不同陆地生态系统类型的碳汇大小及其机制，可提供关于我区陆地生态系统碳汇功能可信、翔实和正确的估算结果；新时期省级层面上开展陆地生态系统碳汇总量评估十分重要。     

Inner City regeneration: perspectives on the G.E.A.R. Project

Government responses to the problems of the inner city currently focus on comprehensive programmes of positive discrimination. The first and most extensive is the G.E.A.R. project in Glasgow. Regular monitoring of the effectiveness of such large‐scale initiatives is essential. If the physical and social aims of such policies are to be realised, assessments must utilise both objective and subjective indicators.     

Local economic development — the changing public/private sector relationship

The paper examines changing approaches to local economic development in the period since 1974. Initially, it proposes an ‘orthodox’ model of local economic development policies which emphasised the provision of a better industrial fabric, and of financial assistance to small, inner city firms. It suggests three recent directions of change in emphasis from this orthodox model: help in the creation of new entrepreneurs; replacement of public sector by private sector action; local authority shareholding in local firms by use of Enterprise Boards. Each approach makes different assumptions about the public/private sector relationship, the last two involve a more explicitly ideological stance on this issue.     

内蒙古赤峰地区草麻黄资源的分布及利用

本文论述了内蒙古赤峰地区草麻黄的分布和生态特性。草麻黄从东南至西北受气温和降水等因素的影响,在东南部丘陵沙地干草原区集中分布;在中部低山丘陵干草原区呈零星分布,在西北部山地草甸草原区无分布。草麻黄对干旱的环境条件适应能力强,具有耐干旱、耐沙湿、耐高温、耐寒、耐贫瘠和不耐水湿等生态特性。本文对如何保护与合理利用草麻黄资源,提出了建议。     

浅析生态文明理念对内蒙古草原旅游资源开发重要性

生态文明是继农业、工业文明之后,适应新形势而提出的.以直接解决与人类生存相关的生态问题为己任,用于指引人们实现可持续发展为目标.在内蒙古地区,草原是最具内蒙古特色和开发价值的资源,然而在近几十年的开发中严重违反了生态文明理念,以致出现草场退化、生物生存危机等状况.在当前内蒙古草原出现的严重问题的情况下,很有必要去探寻生态文明理念的重要价值.结合中国传统文化中天时地利人和的重要思想,实现在“因时制宜、因地制宜、以人为本及各方因素协调共促”理念下新的草原开发.     

The effectiveness of forecast-based humanitarian assistance in anticipation of extreme winters: a case study of vulnerable herders in Mongolia

This paper presents evidence relating to a forecast-based cash and non-food item distribution among vulnerable herder households during the 2017–18 dzud (extreme winter) season in Mongolia, and analyses the results of a quasi-experimental study evaluating its impacts. An innovative approach in disaster risk reduction, forecast-based financing (FbF) can have short- and long-term benefits to vulnerable households but remains understudied. The paper contributes information on a multimodal FbF programme offering one-off cash grants and in-kind veterinary kits. The data found significant effects of reduced mortality and increased offspring survival in some types of livestock, and that the timing of FbF assistance is crucial, as reported early assistance correlated to positive outcomes in terms of reduced animal mortality. These findings can be used to design more effective FbF interventions, to understand better the appropriateness of FbF designs, and to use early warnings and early actions to help people prepare and withstand disasters such as dzuds.     

内蒙古气温变暖停滞对其影响因子变化的响应

采用中心聚类、M-K检验等方法,以内蒙古地区为例,利用全球Pacific Decadal Oscillation（PDO）、Multivariate ENSO Index（MEI）等大空间尺度数据以及内蒙古及其周边70个气象站1951~2016年平均最低气温、平均气温、平均最高气温、风速、大气压等站点数据,定性、定量揭示变暖停滞的变化特征及其对影响因子变化的响应.结果表明：研究区各分区3类气温在1981~1993年间发生升温突变,此后1998~2008年间陆续发生变暖停滞.不同类型气温在不同分区与各影响因子的相关性优劣有所不同,如平均最低气温与AMO、PDO、MEI、太阳总辐射、风速、大气压的相关性最好,平均气温次之,平均最高气温最差;西部区气温与AMO、PDO、MEI、太阳总辐射相关性较好,中部区气温则与AMO、风速相关性较好等.整体上,1990s~2000s,随各分区AMO上升驱缓、PDO处于正位相阶段但呈下降趋势或处于负位相时、MEI值与太阳总辐射下降、风速、大气压、相对湿度的持续下降/上升及之后的趋势转变,各分区气温发生变暖停滞,如当AMO开始整体进入上升趋缓阶段,风速持续减小8~13a,倾向率达到-0.26~-0.11m/（s·10a）时,平均气温发生变暖停滞.平均最低气温对3类影响因子变化的响应最敏感,平均气温次之.气温变暖停滞是多种影响因子共同作用的结果.本研究丰富了该方面研究成果,对气候变化研究及防灾减灾等有一定借鉴意义.     

The Relationship Between Exposure to Arsenic Concentrations in Drinking Water and the Development of Skin Lesions in Farmers from Inner Mongolia, China

Associations between the concentration of arsenic naturally occurring in drinking water and the development of skin lesions in people have been documented for some years at various locations around the world. Data on the exposure-response relationship between concentrations of arsenic in drinking water and prevalence of skin lesions in farmers from five locations in Inner Mongolia, China have been collected from the original publications and re-analysed together as a meta-study. The calculated data show a positive linear exposure-response relationship without a threshold. The reasons for this linear correlation are discussed and compared with the data from Xinjiang, another arsenism area located in a different geographical area of China. Here a different relationship was recorded that involved a threshold concentration before skin lesions developed. The significance of these two different exposure-response scenarios is discussed.     

Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Arsenism: An Intervention Trial in Inner Mongolia

This paper reports the effects of a placebo-controlled Se-enriched yeast supplementation trial, conducted for 14 months, on arsenism in adult farmers living in a rural community in Inner Mongolia, China. The farmers had been naturally exposed to elevated concentrations of As in drinking water from tube-wells since 1983 but changed to arsenic-free drinking water when the trial began in June 1996. Blood and hair Se and As concentrations were analysed pre-intervention and at the end of the 3rd, 9th and 14th month, while skin lesions were assessed pre-intervention, as well as at the end of the 14th month, using the Arsenism Clinical Criteria established by the Ministry of Health, China. As the trial was a voluntary one, a number of farmers did not routinely have their blood and hair samples taken for analysis. Consequently, the data have been analysed in two categories. Fifty-four farmers from the Se-group and 29 from the placebo-group who were sampled on each occasion were considered as one group, which has been compared with the second group comprising up to a total of 100 farmers in the Se-group and 86 in the placebo-group. Results calculated for those farmers who were sampled on each occasion, showed that at the end of the trial, blood and hair Se concentrations of the Se-group increased from 0.130 to 0.186 µg ml^–1 and from 0.431 to 0.502 µg g^–1, respectively, while those of the placebo-groups remained constant. Blood and hair As concentrations of the Se-group decreased from 0.051 to 0.015 µg ml^–1 and from 2.57 to 0.680 µg g^–1, respectively, a greater reduction than those in the placebo-group that went from 0.064 to 0.024 µg ml^–1 and from 2.62 to 1.25 µg g^–1, respectively. When the data from all patients were examined, the analytical trends were similar. An evaluation of skin lesions in the category who were sampled for hair and blood on each occasion showed that 41.2% of hyperkeratosis, 50.0% of depigmentation and 44.7% of pigmentation in the Se-group improved one or more degrees, while those in the placebo-group improved by only 7.1, 12.0 and 6.7%, respectively. A total of 61.1% of the adults in Se-group improved in one or more type of skin lesion, but only 17.2% improved in the placebo-group. Comparable results were obtained when all the data from both categories of farmers were examined. Results from the trial showed that Se supplementation was more effective for the improvement of adults who were affected by double or triple skin lesions. In the placebo-group, most of the severely affected adults improved in only one kind of skin lesion, but in the Se-group, more adults improved in two or three kinds of skin lesions. Although the trial was limited by its relatively small size, the results have provided some evidence of the usefulness of Se supplementation for people affected by arsenism.