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71.
Littlefield-Wyer JG Brooks P Katouli M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(2):393-400
We investigated changes in biomass, biochemical fingerprints, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile and functional status of the natural aquatic microbial communities upon impact of an Atradex pulse. The Atradex was applied to microcosm tanks at concentrations ranging from 24.5microgL(-1) to 245mgL(-1). The biomass of all microbial communities declined to a minimum level on day 4 with the effect being more pronounced in treated groups. Similarity between microbial communities also decreased on day 4 with the greatest change occurring at a concentration of 245mgL(-1) Atradex. After 8 days exposure to Atradex, microbial communities in all treated groups (except tanks spiked with 245mgL(-1) Atradex) recovered and showed similar metabolic fingerprints and FAME profiles to those of controls. Our results indicate that exposure to an Atradex pulse at concentration above 245mgL(-1), may irreversibly change the structure and functional status of aquatic microbial communities. 相似文献
72.
Myller S. Tonhá Daniel F. Araújo Rafael Araújo Bruno C.A. Cunh Wilson Machado Joelma F. Portel João PR Souz Hikari K. Carvalho Elton L. Dantas Henrique L. Roig Patrick Seyler Jeremie Garnier 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(3):313-325
The Paraiba do Sul (PSR) and Guandu Rivers (GR) water diversion system (120 km long) is located in the main industrial pole of Brazil and supplies drinking water for 9.4 million people in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. This study aims to discern the trace metals dynamics in this complex aquatic system. We used a combined approach of geochemical tools such as geochemical partitioning, Zn isotopes signatures, and multivariate statistics. Zinc and Pb concentrations in Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and sediments were considerably higher in some sites. The sediment partition of As, Cr, and Cu revealed the residual fraction (F4) as the main fraction for these elements, indicating low mobility. Zinc and Pb were mostly associated with the exchangeable/carbonate (F1) and the reducible (F2) fractions, respectively, implying a higher susceptibility of these elements to being released from sediments. Zinc isotopic compositions of sediments and SPM fell in a binary mixing source process between lithogenic (δ66/64ZnJMC ≈ + 0.30‰) and anthropogenic (δ66/64ZnJMC ≈ + 0.15‰) end members. The lighter δ66/64ZnJMC values accompanied by high Zn concentrations in exchangeable/carbonate fraction (ZnF1) enable the tracking of Zn anthropogenic sources in the studied rivers. Overall, the results indicated that Hg, Pb, and Zn had a dominant anthropogenic origin linked to the industrial activities, while As, Cr, and Cu were mainly associated with lithogenic sources. This work demonstrates how integrating geochemical tools is valuable for assessing geochemical processes and mixing source effects in anthropized river watersheds. 相似文献
73.
综述了美国NIST元素汞发生器的基准溯源传递方法,通过在输出的汞标准气体中混合加入已知高纯度的201Hg0气体(201Hg2+标准溶液还原雾化),并采用同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体/质谱法(IDICP/MS)测量加标后201Hg/202Hg同位素丰度比例,计算出待溯源元素汞发生器输出的Hg0 质量浓度.该过程实现了从元素汞一级标准物质SRM 3133到201Hg2+标准溶液,再到元素汞发生器输出标准气体的溯源传递,完成了从NIST元素汞基准到仪器供应商生产基准的一级溯源传递,为建立符合我国需求的元素汞溯源传递方法和形成元素汞发生器溯源传递能力提供借鉴. 相似文献
74.
Noshan Bhattarai Shuxiao Wang Yuepeng Pan Qingcheng Xu Yanlin Zhang Yunhua Chang Yunting Fang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(6):126
75.
超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测溴代阻燃剂 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用Acquity BEH C18色谱柱,以甲醇-乙腈混合液和水为流动相,辅以电喷雾正离子模式多反应监测(MRM)进行定性定量分析,建立了一种同位素稀释超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测四溴双酚A(TBBPA)、三-(2,3-二溴丙基)异氰脲酸酯(TBC)和3种六溴环十二烷(HBCD)异构体的方法。水样通过固相萃取进行净化,回收率达到85.3%~96.1%。土壤和底泥样品经加速溶剂萃取后,采用酸性硅胶和中性硅胶柱进行净化,回收率达到81.5%~102.7%。该方法对TBBPA、TBC、α-HBCD、β-HBCD、γ-HBCD在水和土壤中的检测限分别为1.0、1.2、2.0、0.8、1.2 ng/L和0.10、0.12、0.20、0.08、0.12 ng/g。 相似文献
76.
Sofia kesson Charlotte J. Sparrenbom Catherine J. Paul Robin Jansson Henry Holmstrand 《Ambio》2021,50(5):1074
A site in mid-western Sweden contaminated with chlorinated solvents originating from a previous dry cleaning facility, was investigated using conventional groundwater analysis combined with compound-specific isotope data of carbon, microbial DNA analysis, and geoelectrical tomography techniques. We show the value of this multidisciplinary approach, as the different results supported each interpretation, and show where natural degradation occurs at the site. The zone where natural degradation occurred was identified in the transition between two geological units, where the change in hydraulic conductivity may have facilitated biofilm formation and microbial activity. This observation was confirmed by all methods and the examination of the impact of geological conditions on the biotransformation process was facilitated by the unique combination of the applied methods. There is thus significant benefit from deploying an extended array of methods for these investigations, with the potential to reduce costs involved in remediation of contaminated sediment and groundwater.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01418-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
77.
James S. Quinn Glen E. Woolfenden John W. Fitzpatrick Bradley N. White 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,45(1):1-10
Extensive behavioural and pedigree data on a colour-marked population of Florida scrub-jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) suggested that this cooperatively breeding species is monogamous, with extremely rare exceptions in which males have two
mates. We used multi-locus DNA fingerprinting to test these observations by determining genetic parentage. Despite restricted
dispersal and high relatedness between behavioural parents and non-breeding members of the group, DNA fingerprints provided
sufficient variability to determine parentage unambiguously in almost all cases. We found no evidence of extra-pair fertilisation
of females or egg dumping, and confirmed a suspected case of polygyny in which a mother and daughter laid and incubated in
the same nest. Our results confirm that detailed behavioural data allow accurate assignment of genetic parentage in this species.
In Florida scrub-jays, large territory size may limit opportunities for cuckoldry, and persistent intense competition for
limited breeding space may lead to low variance in the quality of established male breeders. These factors would reduce both
the opportunity for, and benefits of engaging in extra-pair fertilisations. Delayed dispersal and cooperative breeding in
this species have not evolved as avenues for direct reproduction by unpaired individuals.
Received: 25 May 1998 / Accepted after revision: 26 June 1998 相似文献
78.
应用AFLP技术对斜茎黄芪根瘤菌遗传多样性的分析研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
采用AFLP指纹图谱分析技术对来自我国不同地区的95株斜茎黄芪根瘤菌及24株已知根瘤菌的参比菌一起进行遗传多样性研究.结果表明,在50%相似性水平上,全部菌株被分为31个AFLP群,显示出极大的遗传多样性.相关性较高的菌株的聚类结果与先前的表型性状数值分析结果相一致.具相同AFLP指纹图谱的菌株都具有相同的生长速度,且其中大部分菌株来自我国同一地区,同时具很高的表型相似性.此外,本研究表明,AFLP指纹技术具更高的分辩率,更能揭示种内的遗传多样性 相似文献
79.
Hydrogeological and biogeochemical constrains of arsenic mobilization in shallow aquifers from the Hetao basin, Inner Mongolia 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Guo H Zhang B Li Y Berner Z Tang X Norra S Stüben D 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(4):876-883
Little is known about the importance of drainage/irrigation channels and biogeochemical processes in arsenic distribution of shallow groundwaters from the Hetao basin. This investigation shows that although As concentrations are primarily dependent on reducing conditions, evaporation increases As concentration in the centre of palaeo-lake sedimentation. Near drainage channels, groundwater As concentrations are the lowest in suboxic-weakly reducing conditions. Results demonstrate that both drainage and irrigation channels produce oxygen-rich water that recharges shallow groundwaters and therefore immobilize As. Groundwater As concentration increases with a progressive decrease in redox potential along the flow path in an alluvial fan. A negative correlation between SO42− concentrations and δ34S values indicates that bacterial reduction of SO42− occurs in reducing aquifers. Due to high concentrations of Fe (>0.5 mg L−1), reductive dissolution of Fe oxides is believed to cause As release from aquifer sediments. Target aquifers for safe drinking water resources are available in alluvial fans and near irrigation channels. 相似文献
80.
Geochemistry of high arsenic groundwater in Chia-Nan plain, Southwestern Taiwan: possible sources and reactive transport of arsenic 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Major ion, trace element, and stable isotope analyses were performed on groundwater samples collected during November 2005 and 2006 in Chia-Nan plain of southwestern Taiwan to examine As mobilization in aquifers. The high concentrations of As, Fe and Mn in the groundwater is consistent with low Eh values (under moderately reduced state). Moreover, the observed Na/Cl and SO(4)/Cl molar ratios in groundwater demonstrate the influence of seawater intrusion. Seawater intrusion could provide required electron acceptors (i.e., SO(4)) for bacterial sulfate reduction and promote reducing conditions that are favorable for As mobilization. The concurrent increases in the concentrations of Fe and Mn from 2005 to 2006 may be caused by bacterial Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction. Geochemical modeling demonstrate that As(III) is the dominant As species and the presence of Fe-bearing carbonates, sulfides, and oxide phases may locally act as potential sinks for As. Mud volcano fluids were also collected and analyzed to assess the possible source of As in the Chia-Nan plain groundwater. The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic signatures indicate that the As-rich mud volcano fluids may have been modified by chemical exchange with (18)O-rich crustal rocks and possibly originated from mixing of deep brines with circulating meteoric water. Thus As in the Chia-Nan plain groundwater may have been evolved from deep crustal fluids or rock sources. The hydrogeochemistry and widespread As enrichment in groundwater of Chia-Nan plain result from multiple processes, e.g., de-watering of deep crustal fluids, seawater intrusion, and biogeochemical cycling of Fe, As, and S in alluvial sediments. 相似文献