镉铜污染尾矿土中添加耐镉铜菌剂J5后微生物区系多样性的变化

采用酶解法和化学裂解法相结合的方法从安徽铜陵镉铜污染尾矿土中提取出土壤微生物基因组总DNA,并应用PCR-DGGE技术对比研究尾矿土中添加外源硫酸镉、硫酸铜和耐镉铜菌剂J5(Pseudomonassp.)后微生物区系多样性的变化.结果表明,尾矿土中微生物基因组总DNA分子量大小为21kb左右,未复垦的尾矿砂中微生物总DNA量较少,CdSO4处理后的尾矿土中微生物基因组总DNA量明显下降,而添加菌剂J5的尾矿土中微生物基因组总DNA量上升.DGGE电泳图谱进一步显示,尾矿土样中添加镉离子使图谱条带减少,分析表明尾矿土中的细菌种类数减少;而添加菌剂J5使图谱中条带明显增加,表明菌剂J5可提高尾矿土中土著微生物的活性和群落丰富度,可用于复合重金属污染尾矿区的生态恢复.     

不同混交类型对毛竹林土壤有机碳和土壤呼吸的影响

为了解不同混交类型对毛竹林土壤有机碳含量和组成以及土壤呼吸的影响,为武夷山地区毛竹林土壤环境改善和可持续生产经营积累实验数据,以武夷山地区毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis J.Houz.)纯林、毛竹-阔叶树混交林、毛竹-油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel.)混交林、毛竹-杉木[Cunnin...     

Perspectives on community health issues and the mining boom-bust cycle

The health of mining communities is becoming a priority for the mining industry, governments, and researchers. This paper describes an exploratory qualitative study into community health issues and mining activities (associated with the mining boom-bust cycle) from the perspective of health and social service providers in the northern Canadian coal mining community of Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia. Health and social service providers report on increases in pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and mine related injuries during booming mine activities. During bust times, mental health issues such as depression and anxiety were reported. Overarching community health issues prominent during both boom and bust periods include burdens to health and social services, family stress, violence towards women, and addiction issues. This paper concludes by providing recommendations as to how the industry can enhance community health made by this important stakeholder group.     

异常性检测算法在引信干扰信号识别中的应用

目的 解决传统分类引信抗干扰算法因干扰信号难获取、特征信号样本少、正负样本数不平衡而导致计算精度低的问题,克服引信抗干扰算法对样本的依赖性,并提高引信信号识别准确率。方法 通过WVD时频变换的方法,将拆分后的真实含扰引信信号切片进行重组,使其由一维时序信号向二维图片信息进行扩展,基于数据倍增策略,提升算法泛化性,并降低其对真实数据样本的依赖。融合GANomaly与EfficientNet网络,在扩充的引信数据集上进行线下干扰信号特征学习,并对含扰引信图像数据进行线上异常性判断与干扰信号识别。结果 GE-FS网络能够在真实引信小样本信号的基础上进行有效数据扩充,基于扩充数据训练后,引信含扰识别准确率达到98.4%。结论 GE-FS网络能有效针对引信异常信号进行精确检测与识别,可以增强引信系统的抗干扰能力与作战自适应性。     

From the attitude-behaviour-gap to a producer-people-gap?

The so-called attitude-behaviour-gap of ecology might have changed to a ?producer-people-gap”. In summer 2017 in Germany, the intention of private house-builders to buy an exterior insulation system based on renewable materials was measured as positive, with a mean of 5.2 on a 1–7 Likert scale. But the intentions of professionals were clearly below, e.g. craftsmen, with an average of 3.6 on the same scale – although both groups, the privates and the professionals, judged that there is a clear trend towards such products.

Because of these findings, an additional investigation of management by producers was conducted in autumn and winter 2017/2018, in which a very critical atmosphere towards renewable materials was found. It was analyzed that the managements` attitudes might not be a basic refusal of renewable material in general, but rather a fear of costs of research and development of new products.

A concept was tested, to see if it would be possible to cause an attitude change within the professional key target groups just by applying marketing instruments. Five articles in key media of this market have been published between February and May 2018. In the following evaluation (n = 150) in May 2018 significant effects of the communication have been measured: The intention of decision-makers in craftsmen`s businesses to buy an exterior insulation system based on renewable material rose significantly (0.01 Lv.) from a mean of 3.6 in 2017 to 4.4 in 2018.     

一株溶铜绿微囊藻真菌的分离与鉴定

从土壤中分离得到一株具有溶藻能力的真菌,命名为J20。经形态学和18srDNA序列对比分析鉴定,J20菌株属于青霉属(Peniciliium)。研究了J20菌株对铜绿微囊藻DS的溶藻效果,初步探讨了其溶藻方式及溶藻物质。结果表明:该菌株对铜绿微囊藻DS有一定的去除效果,实验第3天时,试验组比对照组的叶绿素a减少达82%;该菌株培养物的最低有效抑藻效应浓度为1∶100(即向100mL藻液中加入1mL菌液);该菌株通过分泌胞外产物的方式溶解铜绿微囊藻且溶藻物质主要为具有热稳定性的非蛋白类物质。     

降解1,2,4-三氯苯的硝基还原假单胞菌J5-1的分离鉴定和邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶基因的克隆

从受氯苯污染的土壤中分离到1株以1,2,4-三氯苯为唯一碳源生长的细菌,命名为J5-1.根据其生理生化特征和16S rDNA(GenBank Accession No.EF107515)序列相似性分析,将该菌株初步鉴定为硝基还原假单胞菌(Pseudomonas nitroreducens).当1,2,4-三氯苯初始浓度为400 mg/L时,J5-1对其最大降解率接近90%;当1,2,4-三氯苯浓度初始为20 mg/L时,降解效果最好.J5-1对1,2,4-TCB的降解服从一级反应动力学.从J5-1的基因组DNA中克隆到CC120的全长序列.     

液膜法从工业废水中提取J酸的研究

利用以LMS-2为表面活性剂,三辛胺为载体,煤油为溶剂,NaOH溶液为膜内相所组成的乳状液膜体系,从含J酸的工业废水中提取J酸。研究了各种因素对J酸提取率的影响,提出了较适宜的工艺条件。实验结果表明,该乳状液膜体系对废水中的J酸有较高的提取率。油相经破乳后多次重复使用,其提取率基本不变,J酸的提取率可达96％。     

1,2,4-三氯苯双加氧酶和脱氢酶基因克隆与序列分析

通过PseudomonasnitroreducensJ5-1对不同氯苯类底物的降解实验,发现其降解能力大小顺序为:1,2,4-三氯苯,1,3-二氯苯,1,2-=氯苯,氯苯,与已报道的1,2,4-三氯苯降解菌株在底物利用的特性方面存在差异.采用PCR技术从J5-1中扩增获得氯苯降解过程中的关键酶--氯苯双加氧酶和脱氢酶的基因序列,分别命名为tcbA和tcbB,序列比对发现其与Burkholderia sp-PS12的氯苯双加氧酶和脱氢酶的基因序列同源性最高.通过J5-1的氯苯双加氧酶.亚基(TcbAa)与PS12的氯苯双加氧酶a亚基(TecAl)的氨基酸序列比对发现,在307-310位置有连续4个氨基酸残基的差异(1307L、M308T、1309V、Q310E),这可能是造成2株菌对1,2,4,5-四氯苯降解偏好性差异的原因.此外,通过催化芳香化合物降解的双力D氧酶a亚基的系统进化分析,认为TcbAa属于甲苯/联苯亚科,且与多取代氯苯双加氧酶e亚基的同源性最大.