中国北黄海发生的两次海洋褐胞藻赤潮

１９９３年８月中旬和１９９５年８月中旬，中国北黄海近岸各发生一次海洋褐胞藻赤潮。调查结果为海洋褐胞藻的生物量为（１．７－１１．７）×１０＾８个／ｍ＾３，浮游植物群落生物量范围为（２．５－１５．４）×１０＾８／ｍ＾３。赤潮海区的表层水温２５．８℃，盐度１２－１７．６，ｐＨ８．５－８．６，透明度１．５－１．６ｍ。大量富含营养物质的陆源淡水入海，可能是这一海区海洋褐胞藻赤潮的主要起因。     

Fe3+、PO43-在煤气化废水处理中的应用

针对煤气化废水的特点,通过投加Fe3 、PO43-的方法来强化多阶段水解-好氧工艺处理煤气化废水的能力,不加Fe3 、PO43-时,CODcr总去除率为78 88%,出水CODcr仍高达931mg/l,当投加Fe3 、PO43-后,出水CODcr降到245mg/l,去除率达到93 93%。     

Two alternative modes for di use pollution control in Wuhan City Zoo

Pollution in urban zoos arises from diffuse and small point sources. However, its control has received little attention in past decades. Online and ofttine modes of ecological engineering technology were designed to control pollution from small point and diffuse sources in Wuhan City Zoo, China. Their characteristics and performances were investigated in sixteen runoff events from 2003 to 2005. The results showed that the two modes both improved runoff water quality and had high retention rates for water and pollutants. In the outflows, the event mean concentrations （EMCs） of total suspended solids （TSS）, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） were reduced by 88%, 59%, 46% and 71% for the online mode, and those were 77%, 42%, 50% and 66% for the ofttine mode. The annual retention rates of pollutant loads for the online mode were 94.9%-98.5% in the three study years; those for the ofitine mode were 70.5%-86.4%. Based on calculation, the online mode was able to store the runoff of 66.7 mm rainfall completely, and the ofttine mode could store that of 31.3 mm rainfall. In addition, the online mode can provide an effective way for rainwater utilization and good habitats for aquatic wildlives, and has an excellent aesthetics value for recreationsal pastimes. The ofiline mode can save land resources and may be an effective and economical measure for diffuse pollution control in urban areas.     

可见光响应Pr3+:Y2SiO5/ TiO2薄膜的制备

目的研究层涂法制备Pr~(3+):Y_2SiO_5/TiO_2复合薄膜的结构与可见光催化性能。方法分别以钛酸丁酯(TBOT)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,通过溶胶-凝胶法制得TiO_2凝胶和Pr掺杂的Y_2SiO_5凝胶,以碳纤维为薄膜载体,并通过浸渍提拉法制备Pr~(3+):Y_2SiO_5/TiO_2层涂薄膜,研究层涂法制备复合薄膜对复合薄膜结构、形貌以及光催化效果的影响。结果复合薄膜具有明显的分层界限,形貌较平整,有较少龟裂;复合薄膜性能受涂覆次序的影响较大。结论依次将Pr~(3+):Y_2SiO_5和TiO_2涂覆在碳纤维上的复合薄膜具有较好的光催化性能,可见光光照2 h,对亚甲基蓝的脱色率达到94%,其可见光催化效率高于TiO_2薄膜的59%。     

气垫船减速齿轮箱腐蚀与防护工艺研究进展

叙述了气垫船减速齿轮箱在海洋大气和海水溅射环境下腐蚀与防护工艺的研究进展。介绍了气垫船减速齿轮箱长期处于高温、高湿、高盐雾以及海水溅射环境下的腐蚀特征和主要腐蚀类型,总结了减速齿轮箱中铝合金、合金钢、不锈钢等不同材质零件腐蚀防护技术的研究进展。最后,提出了海洋环境下气垫船减速齿轮箱的腐蚀防护需从结构设计、材料选型、加工制造、运输贮存、维护保养等方面着手,在充分利用现有表面处理技术的基础上,加强阳极氧化、微弧氧化、电镀、涂料涂层等技术的组合;强化腐蚀监测技术,有效预警防护层失效,同时大力研发海洋环境下长期有效、绿色环保的表面处理和涂层技术。另外,采用系统工程来提高海洋环境下金属材料的环境适应性,进而提高减速齿轮箱等部件的可靠性和安全性。     

Analysis of dioxins and furans in environmental samples by GC-ion-trap MS/MS

The work aims to characterise PCDDs/Fs in environmental matrices by high resolution gas chromatography coupled to low resolution quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometry (GC-QITMS/MS). In particular, the study was mainly focused in different environmental samples such as sewage sludge, soils, and sediments and in combustion residues as fly ashes. Previous experiences have already detected and quantified PCDDs/PCDFs in all matrices studied. Moreover, isomer-specific analysis of 2,3,7,8-PCDDs/Fs compounds corroborated good correlation between GC-QITMS/MS and a well-established technique such as high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Finally, QC measures included the participation in intercalibration exercises. Successful results were achieved using GC-QITMS/MS in the analysis of fly ashes, soils and sediment materials. In general, GC-QITMS/MS constitutes an interesting alternative for routine analysis of dioxins in such as matrices.     

黄土高原不同侵蚀区生物结皮土壤CO2通量日动态特征及其温度敏感性

利用LI-8100土壤碳通量自动观测系统监测了黄土高原不同侵蚀区(水蚀区、水蚀风蚀交错区、风蚀区)生物结皮土壤CO2通量的日变化,分析了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性.结果表明:以去除生物结皮为对照,具有生理活性的生物结皮降低了土壤CO2通量,其中,水蚀区、交错区和风蚀区土壤日平均CO2通量分别降低了5.0％、8.9％和20.5％.水蚀区、交错区和风蚀区生物结皮土壤CO2通量日动态均呈单峰型曲线,峰值出现在12:00-14:00左右,大小分别为1.64、1.64和1.37 μmol·m-2·s-1,但日变化幅度差异明显.土壤呼吸速率随温度的升高呈上升趋势,指数函数能够较好地描述二者的关系.生物结皮土壤呼吸的温度敏感性指数Q10在空间尺度上存在一定变异,其中,水蚀区、交错区Q10值变化范围为1.93～ 2.43,而风蚀区Q10值变化范围为4.80～ 5.56,说明风蚀区生物结皮土壤呼吸对温度的敏感性大于水蚀区和交错区.本研究表明,在探求黄土高原地区土壤碳交换时,应当考虑生物结皮的影响及不同侵蚀区生物结皮土壤CO2通量的差异性.     

Dynamic pursuing ecological model concerning the nitrogen cycle in the environment of Chinese mainland

The paper gives a special dynamic pursuing ecological model on the bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen in the whole range 9.6 million square kilometers of Chinese mainland, basing on the reservoir-content and flux-rate of nitrogen and among the four spheres: atmosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, and the law of bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen, the model predicted the size of reservoir capacities and fluxes of nitrogen in each sphere. Through tested and verified, the model was proven reasonable and reliable.     

珠江口底栖生物重金属含量现状与评价

根据2003年的调查资料，结合国内外有关生物残毒理论，对珠江口海域底栖生物重金属含量现状进行分析与评价。结果表明，底栖生物中Hg、Ph、Cd、As含量较低，但甲壳动物和软体动物体内Ph和Cd具有潜在的严重积累问题；甲壳类Cd含量已严重超人体消费标准，软体类的Cd含量等于人体消费标准值，甲壳动物和软体动物的可食性应引起人们的关注。     

生命周期清单分析中的分配方法

主要分析了生命周期清单分析中多产品系统和开环再循环系统中所存在的分配问题,详细探讨其分配原则,评述了当前国际学术界和产业界所采用的各种分配方法,结果表明,对等分配法是目前适合于我国国情的比较合理的分配方法