接触氧化过滤一体化生物反应器处理城市污水

针对一种采用组合填料的接触氧化过滤一体化生物反应器,进行了以间歇方式处理城市污水的试验研究.结果表明,在曝气时间为60 min,DO为2～3 mg/L,反应器上部填料层容积负荷率(以COD计)为2.4 kg/(m~3·d),生物滤床初始滤速为5 m/h时,反应器出水COD、NH_4~+-N、浊度的平均去除率分别为90.6%、81.4%和96.7%,但TP去除效果欠佳,平均去除率为60.1%.     

The effects of exogenous salicylic acid on growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress

Salicylic acid （SA） was an essential component of the plant resistance to pathogens and also plays an important role in mediating plant response to some abiotic stress. The possible effects of SA on the growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress were studied. When rice seedlings grown in nutrient solution containing Pb^2＋ （0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25 mmol/L） for 18 d, the plant biomass as well as the chlorophyll content of leaves decreased with increasing Pb concentration. The pre-treatment with SA （treated with 0.1 mmol/L SA for 48 h before Pb stress） partially protected seedlings from Pb toxicity. The chlorophyll contents were significant higher in leaves of Pb-exposed with SA pre-treatment seedlings than in Pb-exposed plants at the same Pb intensity. SA pre-treated alone could significantly increase the length of shoot and root of seedlings but the vigour difference was not marked under long-term exposure to Pb toxicity. SA pre-treated influence the H2O2 level in leaves of seedlings by up-regulating the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, repressing the activity of catalase （CAT） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） depending on the concentrations of Pb^2＋ in the growth medium. The results supported the conclusion that SA played a positive role in rice seedlings against Pb toxicity.     

各向异性介质圆柱的散射特性研究

利用电磁场的多尺度理论,将各向异性介质重构为各向同性介质,首次得到了各向异性介质圆柱体散射场和散射宽度的解析表达式,并对其有效性进行了理论验证;研究了介电常数张量等因素对散射宽度的影响;仿真结果表明,各向异性介质圆柱体的前向散射及其与入射波垂直的方向散射较强,极化方向上的介电常数对散射有着较大的影响,分析了其产生的物理...     

PRB修复铬污染地下水反应介质研究进展

传统的抽出处理技术治理铬污染地下水时,耗时长、效率低、投资与成本高,限制了其广泛应用,近年来兴起的PRB技术很好地解决了这一问题。PRB技术的关键在于反应介质的研究,活性炭、沸石、铁屑等具有较好的除铬性能,但选择性差、易堵塞,混合反应介质可以克服其缺点。同时,对反应介质的研究大多处于实验室阶段,应加强其工程应用研究。     

基于ANSYS的裂隙岩体全充填介质膨胀效应的数值模拟

依据采矿区裂隙岩体中存在的具有鲜明水理性质的膨胀性充填物,应用有限元分析软件ANSYS对裂隙全充填的岩体进行了数值模拟计算,重点探讨了膨胀性充填介质对裂隙岩体位移、应力场的影响。结果表明:裂隙充填物的膨胀效应增大了裂隙岩体各应力的分量,因此当计算的裂隙岩体应力呈非线性分布时,应综合考虑裂隙充填物吸水膨胀效应,否则计算结果将偏于不安全;导致裂隙扩展的楔切效应显著,但裂隙岩体未受到拉张和剪切破坏。通过将模拟结果与实测结果进行对比分析,验证了该模拟方法的有效性和可靠性。     

晚冰期以来月亮湖生物硅含量变化的古气候意义

根据大兴安岭中段小型火山口湖月亮湖沉积序列生物硅含量（BSi）替代性指标的分析,结合总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）含量等分析结果,重建了该区末次冰期晚期（21cal.kaBP）以来的高分辨率古气候演化序列。研究结果表明：月亮湖生物硅含量变化范围为0.52%～15.88%,其中末次冰期晚期（21～14cal.kaBP）...     

Effects of long-term nutrient addition on meso-micro soil arthropod communities in a Stipa baicalensis grassland北大核心CSCD

To analyze the effect of nutrient addition on small- and medium-sized soil arthropod communities in a Stipa Baikal meadow grassland, a nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition experiment was designed in the Stipa Baikal meadow grassland at Ewenki Banner, Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia, China in 2010. Changes in the structure and diversity of soil arthropod communities and their relationship with environmental factors were studied. Soil arthropod samples were collected during the forage greening (May), growth (August), and yellowing (end of September) periods in 2019. The results showed that: (1) compared to the control sample, N-added and NP-added samples had higher number of soil arthropods by 1.38 and 1.15 times, respectively, and an increase of 28.57% and 21.43% in the number of soil arthropod groups. The numbers of individual as well as groups of soil arthropods tended to increase with P addition; however, this response did not reach a significant level. (2) The water and heat conditions during the vegetation growth period in the test area were more suitable for the development of soil fauna communities. (3) The redundancy analysis (RDA) results further indicated that the community composition of soil fauna is mainly regulated by pH and plant evenness, and soil pH is particularly important in mediating changes in small- and medium-sized soil fauna communities. This study suggests that long-term nutrient addition has a positive impact on small- and medium-sized soil arthropod communities by changing plant evenness and soil pH, and the contribution of soil pH is greater than that of plant evenness. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Factors affecting the adoption of multiple climate‐smart agricultural practices in the Indo‐Gangetic Plains of India

Climate change poses a major threat to agricultural production and food security in India, and climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) is crucial in addressing the potential impacts. Using survey data from 1,267 farm households in 25 villages from Bihar and Haryana in the Indo‐Gangetic Plains, this study analyzes the factors that determine the probability and level of adoption of multiple CSA practices, including seeds of stress‐tolerant varieties, minimum tillage, laser land leveling, site‐specific nutrient management and crop diversification. We applied a multivariate probit model for the simultaneous multiple adoption decisions, and ordered probit models for assessing the factors affecting the level of adoption. The adoption of the various CSA practices is interrelated, whereas several factors, including household characteristics, plot characteristics, market access and major climate risks are found to affect the probability and level of CSA adoption. Climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) adoption and its intensity also vary significantly between eastern Bihar, which is relatively poor and densely populated, and north‐western Haryana. Engaging multiple stakeholders such as farmers, agricultural institutions, agricultural service providers and concerned government departments at the local level is crucial for the large‐scale uptake of CSA. The study, therefore, calls for agricultural policy reforms so that most of the issues related to the uptake of CSA can be adequately addressed.     

锚固系统与锚固介质材料中应力波波速的关系

应用低应变反射波法对锚杆锚固系统进行无损检测时,常因锚杆底端反射很微弱而影响锚固系统中应力波波速的准确确定,导致锚固质量无法准确判读,为此,采用低应变反射波法测试了不同围岩和锚固介质中的锚固系统应力波波速,并与采用超声波法测试的由锚固介质材料所制作标准试块中的应力波波速进行对比分析。结果表明,这2种波速与锚固介质材料强度密切相关;锚固系统中的应力波波速介于锚固介质材料与自由锚杆中的应力波波速之间,锚固系统中的应力波波速和锚杆介质材料中的应力波波速随龄期和强度均呈指数关系变化且对称分布。     

老南瓜种植品种、栽培模式和技术要点

老南瓜含有丰富的胡萝卜素、维C、多糖和一定的食疗价值,也可加工成多种南瓜产品,近年来越来越深受消费者喜爱,目前国内种植最为普遍的老南瓜品种主要是中国类型老南瓜,本文现将主要介绍我国老南瓜种植品种、栽培模式和技术要点.