鄱阳湖流域生态修复的理论、方法及其应用

在鄱阳湖流域生态修复中,坚持“保护优先,自然恢复为主,人工修复遵循客观规律”的修复方法：（1）对具有典型意义的生态系统,划定保护区,加强管理,保护濒危物种,增加生物多样性;（2）对中、轻度损害的生态系统,实行封育保护,减轻负荷压力,利用生态系统自组织功能,自然恢复为主;（3）对于严重损害的生态系统,遵循生态系统生长发育的自然规律,采取人工措施修复或重建。科学选择了修复策略：（1）以修复植被生态系统为基础和前提,创造条件,利用生态系统的自组织、自修复能力逐步实现微生物、动物的恢复;（2）把生态修复与发展生态经济结合起来,增加群众收入,提高参与生态修复的主动性和积极性。经过20多年的生态修复,鄱阳湖流域森林覆盖率由311%提高到5832%;同时探索出一条可行的技术路线：（1）通过综合科学考察,掌握生态系统受损害的状况和原因,揭示相关生态系统发育、演替的客观规律;（2）着力研究生态恢复的生态学过程与机制,寻求有效的修复方法、措施和模式;（3）自主创新、试验示范、试点先行、样板引领;（4）以生态保护和建设的大项目为载体,全面展开、系统推进     

Dutch new nature: (re)landscaping the Millingerwaard

This paper analyses how discourses of “new nature” have been implemented in the Dutch context – as a front runner of broader “rewilding” processes throughout Europe – frequently tied to imperatives of water safety. Drawing on the specific case of the Millingerwaard, we first examine how such discourses have materially, as well as socially, transformed the landscape in question. The paper then explores how these transformations have erstwhile affected those living in the area – in ways that are perceived, positively or negatively – according to varied groups of residents and users. In doing so, we critically reflect not only on “new nature” as it has been conceived within planning processes, and empirically practiced, in the Netherlands, but also how it is described and experienced by those whose lives are intimately tied to the landscape.     

再生资源行业特点与企业盈利模式分析

再生资源行业涉及第一、第二与第三产业,其独特的行业属性对行业企业发展战略的制定有着重大的影响。随着循环经济产业的快速发展,针对不同企业、不同业务、不同工作对象的企业运营策略的制定,显得尤为重要。对再生资源行业本质与行业特点的分析解读,为企业明确发展思路、制定发展战略提供策略与方法上的参考。     

Sentiment analysis of the Twitter response to Netflix's Our Planet documentary

The role of nature documentaries in shaping public attitudes and behavior toward conservation and wildlife issues is unclear. We analyzed the emotional content of over 2 million tweets related to Our Planet, a major nature documentary released on Netflix, with dictionary and rule-based automatic sentiment analysis. We also compared the sentiment associated with species mentioned in Our Planet and a set of control species with similar features but not mentioned in the documentary. Tweets were largely negative in sentiment at the time of release of the series. This effect was primarily linked to the highly skewed distributions of retweets and, in particular, to a single negatively valenced and massively retweeted tweet (>150,000 retweets). Species mentioned in Our Planet were associated with more negative sentiment than the control species, and this effect coincided with a short period following the airing of the series. Our results are consistent with a general negativity bias in cultural transmission and document the difficulty of evoking positive sentiment, on social media and elsewhere, in response to environmental problems.     

Integrating larval connectivity into the marine conservation decision-making process across spatial scales

Larval dispersal connectivity is typically integrated into spatial conservation decisions at regional or national scales, but implementing agencies struggle with translating these methods to local scales. We used larval dispersal connectivity at regional (hundreds of kilometers) and local (tens of kilometers) scales to aid in design of networks of no-take reserves in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. We used Marxan with Connectivity informed by biophysical larval dispersal models and remotely sensed coral reef habitat data to design marine reserve networks for 4 commercially important reef species across the region. We complemented regional spatial prioritization with decision trees that combined network-based connectivity metrics and habitat quality to design reserve boundaries locally. Decision trees were used in consensus-based workshops with stakeholders to qualitatively assess site desirability, and Marxan was used to identify areas for subsequent network expansion. Priority areas for protection and expected benefits differed among species, with little overlap in reserve network solutions. Because reef quality varied considerably across reefs, we suggest reef degradation must inform the interpretation of larval dispersal patterns and the conservation benefits achievable from protecting reefs. Our methods can be readily applied by conservation practitioners, in this region and elsewhere, to integrate connectivity data across multiple spatial scales.     

资源型催化剂净化柴油机尾气

本文使用含有稀土金属和过渡金属元素以及只含有过渡金属元素的矿石制备了多种资源型催化剂,并在柴油机台架上进行筛选和活性评价.结果表明,含有稀土金属和过渡金属复合氧化物的ZC-1号催化剂和只含有过渡金属氧化物,但添加助催化剂的ZC-4号催化剂具有较好的温度特性、空速特性、热稳定性和抗积碳性能,其中ZC-1号催化剂的性能最优.对ZC-1号催化剂进行了700h的使用寿命考察,未见其活性降低。     

垃圾填埋场选址与风水选址浅析

通过对风水理论中关于选址要素的科学阐述,从自然环境和社会环境两个方面分析了风水选址和垃圾填埋场选址的共通与不同之处,并根据风水理论中“天人合一”的和谐理念,提出了在填埋场选址过程中,应该融入崇尚自然,尊重自然;结合实际,因地制宜;整体系统;以人为本,和谐构建等原则。     

基于GIS的升金湖自然保护区管理信息系统建设

介绍了应用面向对象程序设计语言visual Basic6．0和地理信息系统控件Map Objects开发升金湖自然保护区管理信息系统的总体思想和技术路线,阐述了自然保护区管理信息系统的开发方式、数据库建设及其主要功能,该系统对升金湖自然保护区管理部门提高管理水平有着重要意义。     

微生物絮凝剂MBFTRJ21的絮凝机理

筛选得到的乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)具有用量少絮凝效果好等优点.蒽酮反应、考玛斯亮蓝、Elson-Morgan反应表明,絮凝剂MBFTRJ21为粘多糖类高分子絮凝剂;ξ电位测定及氢键和离子键检验结果表明,絮凝剂和碱泥之间的作用力为氢键;絮凝剂的热处理和KIO₄处理表明,其活性成分为蛋白质和糖胺;絮凝过程中粒度分析表明,絮凝过程存在架桥作用.其絮凝机理为:絮凝剂和碱泥在絮凝剂的活性部位--糖胺中的氨基以氢键的形式结合,然后再经过架桥作用絮凝沉淀.     

长白山自然保护区森林生态系统间接经济价值评估

使用市场价值法、影子工程法、机会成本法和替代花费法等对长白山自然保护区森林牛态系统的功能价值进行了经济评估评价结果表明,保护区总的生态功能价值为176465.94万元,其中活立木生产量价值10777.43万元,涵养水源价值69741.2万元,保护土壤减少侵蚀的价值2307.02万元,固碳以减缓温室效应的价值87716．6万元,林分持留N、P、K分价值4338．88万元,降解SO₂和防治病虫害价值1584.73万元