天然斜发沸石对溶液中NH4+的物化作用机理

选择中国浙江缙云天然斜发沸石为试验材料,以摇床试验和离子跟踪监测,研究了斜发沸石对溶质NH4+的物化作用机理.在天然斜发沸石对溶液中NH4+的作用过程中,离子交换作用决定了NH4+的全部转移量,沸石晶体内Na+和Ca2+与溶液中NH4+的交换量占总离子交换量的97%以上.对于粒径1.0~3.2mm的沸石,交换反应前3h时可完成83%的Na+交换量和50%的Ca2+交换量.     

中国自然保护区对生物多样性保护的贡献

自然保护区建设是保护生物多样性的最有效途径。至１９９３年底，我国共建立各类型自然保护区７６３个，总面积６６１．８万ｈｍ２，约占国土面积的６．８％。本文在总结我国自然保护区建设成就的基础上，概述了自然保护区对各类自然生态系统、野生生物、驯化物种、野生亲缘种及种质资源保护的现状，包括为保护生物多样性各组分已建自然保护区的数量、面积、分布及管理；评价了自然保护区对生物多样性各组分保护的效果；分析了存在问题并提出加强生物多样性就地保护的措施。     

崇明东滩候鸟自然保护区的滩涂植被

本文报道了崇明东滩候鸟保护区内的滩涂植被类型及其分布,并研究了植被的生态环境特征和群落演替与滩涂生境之间的联系。     

建立岱海湖泊湿地自然保护区的必要性

本文以凉城贷海地域所趋的地理位置及目前的自然生态环境状况分析的基础上，着重阐述了建立自然保护区的适时性、紧迫性、必要性，为在西部大开发中发展当地经济开辟发展途径。     

论建设项目"三同时"验收监测的性质与作用

介绍了我国建设项目"三同时"管理制度的技术支持工作--"三同时"验收监测,分析论述了"三同时"验收监测的性质与作用.     

基于理想参照系和关键指标的自然保护区生态系统质量评估——以额尔古纳、辉河和锡林郭勒国家级自然保护区为例

为了增强自然保护区内和保护区间的生态系统质量评估结果的可比性,基于“理想参照系和关键指标”的理念,提出量化关键指标阈值和生态系统质量的算法,并以额尔古纳、辉河和锡林郭勒国家级自然保护区为例开展具体的评估工作。研究发现：（1）额尔古纳保护区生态系统质量指数（84.59）显著高于辉河（69.26）和锡林郭勒保护区（63.41）。（2）三个保护区不同功能区间的生态系统质量指数无显著差异。（3）2000—2018年,额尔古纳和锡林郭勒保护区的生态系统质量指数均呈显著上升趋势,但辉河保护区无明显变化。本文提出的评估方法能科学、快速地评估自然保护区生态系统质量现状及变化,可量化其恢复潜力,并能实现评估结果间的比较,为保护区建设和管理提供参考。     

Impact of marine protected areas on temporal stability of fish species diversity

Preserving biodiversity over time is a pressing challenge for conservation science. A key goal of marine protected areas (MPAs) is to maintain stability in species composition, via reduced turnover, to support ecosystem function. Yet, this stability is rarely measured directly under different levels of protection. Rather, evaluations of MPA efficacy generally consist of static measures of abundance, species richness, and biomass, and rare measures of turnover are limited to short-term studies involving pairwise (beta diversity) comparisons. Zeta diversity is a recently developed metric of turnover that allows for measurement of compositional similarity across multiple assemblages and thus provides more comprehensive estimates of turnover. We evaluated the effectiveness of MPAs at preserving fish zeta diversity across a network of marine reserves over 10 years in Batemans Marine Park, Australia. Snorkel transect surveys were conducted across multiple replicated and spatially interspersed sites to record fish species occurrence through time. Protection provided by MPAs conferred greater stability in fish species turnover. Marine protected areas had significantly shallower decline in zeta diversity compared with partially protected and unprotected areas. The retention of harvested species was four to six times greater in MPAs compared with partially protected and unprotected areas, and the stabilizing effects of protection were observable within 4 years of park implementation. Conversely, partial protection offered little to no improvement in stability, compared with unprotected areas. These findings support the efficacy of MPAs for preserving temporal fish diversity stability. The implementation of MPAs helps stabilize fish diversity and may, therefore, support biodiversity resilience under ongoing environmental change.