二氧化硫和铅联合染毒对小鼠遗传物质的损伤

运用单细胞凝胶电泳技术研究了SO₂和醋酸铅亚急性联合染毒对雄性小鼠脑、肺、脾、肾细胞DNA的损伤.结果表明,在42mg/m³ SO₂和0.2%醋酸铅单独及联合作用下,小鼠脑、肺、肾、脾细胞DNA迁移距离均比对照组显著增加,而且铅可以加剧SO₂对脑、肾、脾细胞核DNA的损伤程度;SO₂对肺细胞核DNA的损伤程度要比铅的损伤大,小鼠肺细胞核DNA迁移距离在SO₂和醋酸铅联合作用组与醋酸铅单独作用组间有极显著性差异(P<0.01),而与SO₂单独作用组间没有显著性差异.SO₂和醋酸铅均可引起小鼠组织细胞的DNA损伤,它们对脑、肺、脾、肾的损伤程度不同,在一定条件下存在明显的协同效应,可以增强彼此的毒性作用.这意味着SO₂和铅均有引起哺乳动物细胞基因突变的潜在危险,大气SO₂污染与铅的污染可能加剧某些疾病的发生与发展.     

取代苯对人体细胞的定量结构—遗传毒性研究

通过微核实验,测定了 36 种取代苯类化合物对人体外周血淋巴细胞的遗传毒性;并构建了遗传毒性与分子结构参数之间的 QSAR 模型.结果表明,有 34 种化合物显著地导致了微核的产生,具有明显的遗传毒性;遗传毒性的大小与分子结构描述符辛醇-水分配系数(MlogP)、x 轴主惯性矩(Principalx)、γ 极化率[Polar(γ)]等存在良好的结构-活性相关关系,所建模型的相关系数 R² =0.718,具有较高的预测能力,可用来预测取代苯类化合物的遗传毒性.     

蚕豆根细胞慧星试验对西河水诱变性检测

本文采用新建立的蚕豆根细胞慧星试验对南充市西河三个污染断面河水污染物的DNA损伤作用进行了监测。结果表明,所监测的三个点均存在较明显的诱变剂／致癌剂污染;新建立的蚕豆根细胞慧星试验的灵敏度足以直接检测水体环境致突变／致癌物的污染。     

用酶联免疫吸附法测定鱼类体内金属硫蛋白

用酶联免疫吸附法测定鱼体内（肝,肾）MT。鱼组织经匀浆、加热、离心、将上清液以包被液稀释后,与一抗、二抗反应,求得MT含量。与镉／血红蛋白饱和法比较、本法显示了特异、简便、及灵敏的特点。同时,用酶联免疫吸附法测定了取自武汉东湖不同水域的鱼类、不同种类的鱼类的组织脏器的MT的含量,用以研究水体质量。     

Immunoassay of red dyes based on the monoclonal antibody of β-naphthol

The objective of the present study was to develop a multi-analyte immunoassay for the determination of eight red dyes in food samples. Two dye intermediates (2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid and 1-amino-2-naphthol) were used as the haptens to produce the monoclonal antibodies. The obtained monoclonal antibodies recognized Sudan 1–4, Para red, Sudan red G, Sudan red B and Acid orange II simultaneously. After evaluation of different antibody/coating antigen combinations, a heterologous indirect competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was developed to determine the eight red dyes in food samples (chili oil, chili powder, tomato sauce, hotpot seasoning). The crossreactivities to the eight analytes were in the range of 61%–79% (with β-naphthol as 100%), and the limits of detection were in the range of 1.3–1.9 ng/mL. The recoveries of the eight analytes from the fortified blank samples were in the range of 84.2%–115% with coefficients of variation lower than 18.3%. Therefore, this method could be used as a rapid and simple tool to detect the residues of the eight red dyes in foods.     

活性污泥中水解酶的研究进展

水解酶由活性污泥中的微生物产生,它们普遍存在于各种生物处理系统中,并对大分子有机物的生物降解起到关键性的作用。综述了水解酶在活性污泥中的分布特性、酶活力的测定方法、影响酶活力的因素等几个方面的最新研究进展。     

Analysis of estrogenic activity in coastal surface waters of the Baltic Sea using the yeast estrogen screen

In the present study, the yeast estrogen screen (YES) has been used to assess the estrogenic activity in surface waters of a coastal region in the German Baltic Sea. Solid-phase extraction using the copolymer Oasis HLB followed by a clean-up on silica was carried out on approximately 50-l water samples. From the final 400 μl extract volume, 100 μl aliquots were used for the measurement of estrogenic activity and for chemical analysis, which was performed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). From 29 samples taken during two campaigns (2003 and 2004) at five different stations 27 samples showed an estrogenic response higher than 10%. The response in the YES was expressed as measured estradiol equivalents (EEQs), which were in the range of 0.01 (Darss Peninsula) to 0.82 ng/l (Inner Wismar Bay). Samples from stations located in inner coastal waters showed higher estrogenic activities than those from outer located stations. A comparison of measured estrogenicity (YES) and calculated estrogenicity (chemical analysis) showed significant differences, probably due to the presence of anti-estrogenic compounds and/or the estrogenic activity of unknown, not identified contaminants. The main contributors to the overall estrogenic activity were synthetic and natural hormones.     

猪粪便污染特异性分子标记筛选及其PCR检测方法的建立

肠道微生物群落在与其宿主长期协同进化过程中会形成大量的宿主-肠道微生物互作基因,这些互作基因具有一定的宿主肠道微生物特异性,利用其设计分子标记能有效识别粪便污染源.本研究首次利用竞争性杂交的方法富集猪粪便特异性基因,从中筛选出具有猪粪便特异性的基因片段,以此设计引物并建立相应的PCR检测方法,并对采集样进行应用调查.竞争性杂交富集的猪粪便特异性基因文库以拟杆菌群(Bacteroidetes)(43.2%)和梭状杆菌群(Clostridia)(19.5%)相似序列为主,其蛋白功能主要分为3大类:与信息贮存与加工有关(7.6%),与细胞加工及信息传导有关(12.8%)以及与代谢有关(22.0%).进一步针对功能蛋白序列筛选宿主粪便特异性分子标记.分析表明序列3-53-2对应引物可作为猪粪便污染的特异性分子标记,针对其建立的常规PCR方法对粪便DNA的检出限可低至0.01 ng·μL-1,且对实际样品具有较高的应用灵敏性(97%)和特异性.进一步对可能受污染水样进行猪粪便污染特异性检测,结果显示不同地区的阳性检出率高达75%~100%,证明了此方法的有效性,可为研究微生物示踪技术在非点源污染方面的应用提供一定的基础数据.     

不同形态磺胺类药物在根-土界面的空间分布及毒性评价

采用化学分析和发光细菌检测相结合的方法,研究了磺胺类药物在作物根-土界面的形态分布及生态毒性.结果表明,磺胺类药物在根际土壤中主要以水溶态的形式存在,远根区则以有机溶剂可提取态为主要形态.3种形态磺胺类药物对明亮发光细菌的相对发光抑制率均小于30%,表现为低毒性.不同形态磺胺类药物对明亮发光菌表现的生态毒性不同,有机溶剂可提取态对明亮发光细菌的毒性最大,水溶态次之,结合态毒性最小.根际区水溶态的含量及其对明亮发光细菌的相对毒性抑制率大于远根区,而有机溶剂可提取态和结合态的含量及其对明亮发光细菌的相对毒性抑制率则小于远根区.     

沿海三市饮用水源水内分泌干扰毒性研究

近十多年来,江苏沿海化工产业发展迅速,化工废水的长期排放对水生生态系统及人群健康构成潜在威胁.采用非洲猴肾细胞(CV-1)核受体介导的体外转录激活试验方法,对中国东部沿海A、B、C三市的6个水源地进行了拟雌激素活性调查研究.结果表明:C市2处水源水的有机提取物在枯水期、平水期和丰水期均无拟雌激素活性检出,水质较好;A市...