恶臭污染物的排放与监测

概括介绍恶臭污染源的形成、排放特征及恶臭污染物的监测技术,重点介绍了我国测定恶臭的国家标准方法“三点比较式臭袋法”及其实际操作中若干问题解析。     

Religious harassment in the workplace: An examination of observer intervention

Religious harassment claims in the United States have risen sharply over the past decade. However, victims of religious harassment may not always report harassment, and true rates may be higher. Hence, actions taken by third parties present (observers) are important in combating harassment in the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to extend a previous model of observer intervention and related research by testing it empirically in the context of religious harassment and identify factors that influence observers' decision to intervene (intervention), when they intervene (level of immediacy), and how much they intervene (level of involvement). Across two studies, we find evidence that verbal harassment, ambiguity of intent, relationship to target/harasser, recurrence belief, religious commitment, pro‐social orientation, and the interactive effect of shared religion and religious commitment predict intervention. Furthermore, individuals show higher levels of involvement and immediacy in intervention when costs are low and emotional reactions are high. Implications of these findings for engaging observers in combatting harassment are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

No evidence for visual context-dependency of olfactory learning in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila</Emphasis>

How is behaviour organised across sensory modalities? Specifically, we ask concerning the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster how visual context affects olfactory learning and recall and whether information about visual context is getting integrated into olfactory memory. We find that changing visual context between training and test does not deteriorate olfactory memory scores, suggesting that these olfactory memories can drive behaviour despite a mismatch of visual context between training and test. Rather, both the establishment and the recall of olfactory memory are generally facilitated by light. In a follow-up experiment, we find no evidence for learning about combinations of odours and visual context as predictors for reinforcement even after explicit training in a so-called biconditional discrimination task. Thus, a ‘true’ interaction between visual and olfactory modalities is not evident; instead, light seems to influence olfactory learning and recall unspecifically, for example by altering motor activity, alertness or olfactory acuity.     

硅藻和甲藻的荧光识别测定技术研究

基于浮游植物活体叶绿素荧光激发光谱建立了硅藻和甲藻的识别测定技术。根据Fisher判别分析结果,浮游植物活体叶绿素荧光激发光谱具有同门类藻谱形相似、不同门类藻谱形差异明显的特点,可作为硅藻和甲藻的识别特征谱,据此建立了浮游植物荧光特征谱库,并利用非负最小二乘法进行识别测定,其中单门类样品共有258个,识别正确率为98%,回收率≥79%;两个门类的混合样品共有18个,识别正确率为78%,回收率≥76%。     

“Ox增减量”O3人工订正预报方法与应用

为满足环境管理部门"O₃污染过程不漏、AQI类别准确和AQI范围预报准确"的要求,基于大气箱式模型和相似案例分析,引入O_x指标原创性提出"O_x增减量"O₃人工订正预报方法。介绍了该方法的预报思路、预报要点和步骤、历史相似案例库构建与基于大气条件预报的判别分析、方法普适性和局限性等,以期为提高区域、城市O₃业务预报准确率提供技术参考。以东部沿海城市青岛市为研究案例,结果显示,2020年6—9月24 h人工订正AQI类别预报、AQI范围预报准确率分别为91%和68%,比同期业务化运行的WRF-Chem数值模式预报准确率分别提高19%和25%,应用该预报方法可有效提高O₃污染过程预报准确率。     

土壤中可萃取性石油烃的程序升温进样气相色谱法

与恒温进样气相色谱法相比,程序升温进样具有适用范围广、分析速度快、分离度高等优点。应用程序升温进样气相色谱法,建立了以正己烷为溶剂,C₅-C₄₄正构烃混合物为沸点定性校准物质,柴油-润滑油(体积比为1∶1)混合物为定量标准物质,可对污染土壤中C₁₀-C₄₀可萃取性石油烃同时进行定性和定量的分析方法。该方法还可以快速直观地确定出各石油烃组分在土壤中所占的比例。对不同进样方式的测定结果进行比较发现,在使用分流/不分流进样口的不分流模式对馏分油进行检测时,存在分流歧视现象,定量结果偏差最高可达28.6%;而使用程序升温进样口的程序升温不分流模式,不存在分流歧视现象,在测定所含组分沸程较宽、浓度差别较大的馏分油以及污染土壤时,都具有较高的精密度和准确性。