野外环境教育基地的功能与建设策略

讨论了发展野外环境教育基地的必要性，并以天童生态实验站为例，指出野外环境教育基地含有传承和发展两方面的功能，探讨了野外建设野外环境教育基地的策略。     

固体废弃物处理数据库管理系统设计

论述了建立固体废弃处理数据库，包括固体废弃物特性数据库。处理方法数据库，处理设备运行数据库的主要内容，据此设计了数据库的管理系统，包括定义，操作运行控制及维护４项功能，采用ＶｉｓｕａｌＦｏｘＰｒｏ作为设计语言来实现了功能与系统结构，并说明了数据库的操作和应用。     

有利于环境的催化方法

载体催化剂在许多有机反应中已证明可作为对环境有利的催化剂而取代传统催化剂（一般有腐蚀性，毒性或极难分解和重整并产生大量废物）。综述了近年来固体酸催化、固体碱催化剂和其它载体催化剂的特性及液相有机化学反应中的应用成果，催化机理及发展趋势。     

Strontium isotope constraints on the seasonal variation of the provenance of base cations in rain water at Kawakami, Central Japan

The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in monthly precipitation in the forested basin at Kawakami, central Japan, varied seasonally from 0.709 to 0.711 in spring to as low as 0.7062 ± 0.0004 in autumn over nine years from 1987 to 1995. The seasonal variation can be explained in terms of the mixing of three sources of Sr: sea salt (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr 0.70917), soluble eolian minerals originating from deserts in continental Asia ( 0.711), and biogenic materials growing on soils derived from the volcanic rock substrates in the vicinity ( 0.706). It is estimated that the contribution of sea-salt Sr into the Kawakami rain Sr is relatively constant (10 ± 5%) and that more than half of the Sr is of biogenic origin throughout the year except during spring rains when 50% of the Sr is due to the dissolution of Ca-minerals from Asian dusts. The dominant contribution of eolian components to spring rains is consistent with the high concentration of ³H, which is typical of air masses from Asia.     

Maritime oil spills— Environmental lessons and experiences with special reference to low-risk coastlines

Oil spill contingency plans are available for most coastlines but the amount of useful environmental data is variable. The information should be held on a GIS base. High risk areas should be identified and the pre-existing store of environmental knowledge should be commensurately extensive and should be available in considerable spatial detail. Contingency plans still depend on basic lists of coastal types as defined by static, sediment based shoreline characteristics. There is a lack of dynamic, process information. TheBraer oil spill of 1993 provides a case study of the application of sound coastal geomorphological and ecological data to impact assessment. Monitoring of the ecological effects of this massive oil spill reinforces other research which indicates that most coastlines can recover naturally from oil spills, and that oil spill clean up techniques may not necessarily benefit rapid shoreline recovery. Although pre-existing environmental informations is important, the key decisions must be taken quickly and are frequently judgmental and, therefore, place a premium on gathering appropriate scientific expertise to the site of the spill as soon as possible and with sufficient powers to affect both the oil spill response, to initiate early surveys of damage and to facilitate the initial monitoring programme.     

吸塑模型腔的锌基合金液态模锻

以研制育苗营养钵用吸塑模具型腔为例 ,介绍锌基合金液态模锻这一新工艺。它具有快速、简易、经济等优点 ,而且工艺简单、生产效率高、成本低。它解决了吸塑模具型腔加工的复杂性与降低模具成本和缩短模具周期之间的矛盾     

过一硫酸盐碱催化处理染料废水

利用PMS碱催化法处理亚甲基蓝、酸性橙7（AO7）和罗丹明B（RhB）3种典型染料,优化了脱色条件并分析了机理.在pH=10.8~11.5（亚甲基蓝）或pH=10.0~10.8（酸性橙7或罗丹明B）,PMS投加量100mg/L的最优条件下,亚甲基蓝、酸性橙7和罗丹明B的脱色速率常数可分别达到0.097,0.074,0.004min^-1,脱色率可分别达到95.1%,93.3%和30.1%.捕获剂实验证实PMS碱催化脱色3种染料时起主要作用的均是单线态氧.基于紫外-可见全波长光谱的结果推测,亚甲基蓝和酸性橙7反应脱色较快可归因于单线态氧对噻嗪生色基团和偶氮键的攻击更有效率.     

一种turn-on型Al3+荧光探针及其活体生物检测

设计、合成一种联水杨醛席夫碱荧光探针,并对其结构表征.光谱实验表明,在甲醇溶液中,该探针可实现对Al³⁺的turn-on检测,在识别Al³⁺后,荧光强度增强约110倍,并具有良好的离子选择性.荧光滴定实验中,Al³⁺浓度在25~55μmol/L范围内,荧光强度与浓度呈良好线性相关,探针对Al³⁺检出限为5.4×10^-9mol/L,低于世界卫生组织对饮用水中Al³⁺含量最低标准（7.4×10^-6mol/L）.高分辨质谱数据表明,探针分子与Al³⁺的络合比例为2：1.在活体生物Al³⁺检测中,探针具有良好的生物相容性,表明其在水体及生物体Al³⁺检测中具有一定的应用前景.     

施加盐基离子调控水稻Cd的吸收与累积

盐基离子含量是土壤肥力的重要指标,也是决定土壤Cd生物有效性的重要因素.为探明盐基离子对稻田系统中Cd迁移、转运与累积的影响,本研究通过水稻盆栽试验,按照土壤中盐基离子的物质的量比施加不同浓度梯度KCl、CaCl_2、NaCl和MgCl_2到模拟制备的轻度(0.5 mg·kg~(-1))和中度(1.5 mg·kg~(-1))Cd污染土壤,分析盐基离子对土壤CaCl_2提取态Cd含量和水稻吸收累积Cd的影响.结果表明:施加盐基离子能够增加土壤阳离子交换量(CEC),在轻度和中度Cd污染土壤中,土壤CaCl_2提取态Cd含量分别下降了24.6%～56.1%和17.0%～71.1%,糙米Cd含量分别降低了9.1%～60.5%和7.2%～36.0%.在轻度和中度Cd污染土壤中,糙米Cd含量与土壤CaCl_2提取态Cd含量之间存在线性正相关关系,根、茎、叶Cd含量与Ca含量均呈线性负相关.