加强导游员生态环保知识策略研究

本文根据目前我国导游员的实际情况,结合旅游可持续发展的需要,分析了导游员在旅游环境保护中新的角色定位,并就如何提高导游员的生态环保知识提出了合理的建议。     

煤制油基地安全激励因素识别及安全动机模型的实证研究

为探求安全是否需要激励以及如果采用激励、从何激励的问题,对848名煤制油基地的员工进行问卷调查,将员工需求分为低层次需求、尊重需求、成就实现需求和超越自我需求4个方面,对每个具体需求构建需求场景。对控制变量进行差异性检验分析和相关性分析,得出文化程度和年龄对不同层次需求的影响,在此基础上进行结构方程模型验证分析。结果表明:安全需要激励,低层需求和成就需求大于尊重需求,超我需求最小,负向激励不受欢迎;受欢迎的因素在不同年龄和文化下略有差异,考核制度、人际关系、物质激励等均排在前列,且安全动机由经济性满足和自我价值实现共同确定,精神激励制度不是安全动机的核心要素。     

新疆头屯河河道生态基流的分析研究

头屯河流域在主要河道上修建2处拦河水库及多处引水工程,虽然每年不同程度,周期性向拦河控制性工程以下河段下泄河道生态水量,但是尚未分析论证下泄的河道生态水量及下泄周期是否满足全年河道生态需求。尤其在枯水季节头屯河水库下游往往干涸断流,洪水季节易发污染事故,河道生态达不到预期保护效果。河道生态基流分析计算及提出头屯河流域生态保护的保障措施已经到了非解决不可的地步,河道生态基流分析计算成果作为流域水行政主管部门提出头屯河流域生态保护的保障措施的重要技术支撑,从水资源合理利用与节约,河道两库联合调度、合理利用,维护水生态、保障河道基流量等方面进行工程、调度及制度建设。     

印刷用铝基材碱洗废液的循环利用

对印刷用铝基材碱洗废液进行了循环利用研究。首先将高COD含量的碱洗废液进行除油脱色处理,通过石灰和硬脂酸的协同效应,使COD含量从26300mg／L降至480mg／L,色度降至60°;然后利用含铝碱性废液通过碳化法制备出结晶度66％的拟薄水铝石产品;最后对分离后的碱性废水按配方要求配制,对铝基材进行除油实验,经5次循环表明,除油效果和对铝基材的腐蚀率均100％达标。     

Synthesis and pesticidal activity of new N-alkyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl]amines

A series of novel N-alkyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl]amines were synthesized as potential new agents to control pests. Their structures were confirmed on the basis of IR, NMR and elemental analyses. Six new N-alkyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl]amines were prepared by reduction of corresponding Schiff bases using sodium borohydride in 80–87 % yields. These compounds were tested for their antifungal activity against two pathogenic fungi viz., Rhizoctonia bataticola ITCC 0482 and Sclerotium rolfsii ITCC 5226 and for insecticidal activity against insects of stored grain pest Callosobruchus analis. Fungicidal bioassay revealed that compound N-Decyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine, was highly effective against R. bataticola (ED₅₀ 6.86 mg L^?1) which was comparable with that of commercial fungicide hexaconazole (ED₅₀ 6.35 mg L^?1). Also compounds N-Heptyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine, N-Octyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine and N-Nonyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine displayed promising fungitoxicity against same pathogen. However, compound N-Heptyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine was also found to be effective against S. rolfsii (ED₅₀ 4.92 mg L^?1 as against 1.27 mg L^?1 for hexaconazole). Compound N-Hexyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine was most effective as insecticide followed by compound N-Octyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine. LC₅₀ values for these compounds were 155.0 and 275.0 mg L^?1 respectively as against 36.70 mg L^?1 for commercial insecticide dichlorovos. The results obtained from bioassays indicate that this class of compounds can be utilized for the design of new substances endowed with pesticidal activities.     

废旧混凝土用作水泥稳定基层的实验研究

随着城市建设的发展,城市道路改建时产生的大量的废弃混凝土块的有效利用成了一个亟待解决的问题。结合宜昌市东山大道改建项目,将废弃的混凝土面板加工形成再生集料用作水泥稳定碎石基层,达到节约资源和保护环境的目的。实验分析了再生集料的颗粒级配、压碎值、针片状颗粒含量、表观密度和吸水率等工程性质指标,同时对水泥稳定再生碎石的级配、最佳水泥掺量进行了设计,并对水泥稳定再生碎石的无侧限抗压强度指标进行了研究。研究表明,废旧混凝土经加工形成的再生集料具有良好的路用性能,其颗粒级配、压碎值以及主要指标均达到了路面基层材料的要求;掺3%、5%和7%水泥稳定再生集料7 d浸水抗压强度均达到路面基层的要求,水泥稳定再生集料用作路面基层是可行的;掺3%水泥稳定的再生集料可以用在公路的底基层,掺5%及7%水泥稳定的再生集料可以分别用作路面下基层和上基层。     

Systems of Knowledge: Dialogue, Relationships and Process

During the last 20 years, the existence of rich systems of local knowledge, and their vital support to resource use and management regimes, has been demonstrated in a wide range of biological, physical and geographical domains, such as agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and agroforestry, medicine, and marine science and fisheries.Local knowledge includes empirical and practical components that are fundamental to sustainable resource management. Among coastal-marine fishers, for example, regular catches and, often, long-term resource sustainment are ensured through the application of knowledge that encompasses empirical information on fish behaviour, marine physical environments, fish habitats and the interactions among ecosystem components, as well as complex fish taxonomies. Local knowledge is therefore an important cultural resource that guides and sustains the operation of customary management systems. The sets of rules that compose a fisheries management system derive directly from local concepts and knowledge of the resources on which the fishery is based.Beyond the practical and the empirical, it is essential to recognise the fundamental socio-cultural importance of local knowledge to any society. It is through knowledge transmission and socialisation that worldviews are constructed, social institutions perpetuated, customary practices established, and social roles defined. In this manner, local knowledge and its transmission, shape society and culture, and culture and society shape knowledge.Local knowledge is of great potential practical value. It can provide an important information base for local resources management, especially in the tropics, where conventionally-used data are usually scarce to non-existent, as well as providing a shortcut to pinpoint essential scientific research needs. To be useful for resources management, however, it must be systematically collected and scientifically verified, before being blended with complementary information derived from Western-based sciences.But local knowledge should not be looked on with only a short-term utilitarian eye. Arguments widely accepted for conserving biodiversity, for example, are also applicable to the intellectual cultural diversity encompassed in local knowledge systems: they should be conserved because their utility may only be revealed at some later date or owing to their intrinsic value as part of the world's global heritage.At least in cultures with a Western liberal tradition, more than lip-service is now being paid to alternative systems of knowledge. The denigration of alternative knowledge systems as backward, inefficient, inferior, and founded on myth and ignorance has recently begun to change. Many such practices are a logical, sophisticated and often still-evolving adaptation to risk, based on generations of empirical experience and arranged according to principles, philosophies and institutions that are radically different from those prevailing in Western scientific circles, and hence all-but incomprehensible to them. But steadfastly held prejudices remain powerful.In this presentation I describe the 'design principles' of local knowledge systems, with particular reference to coastal-marine fishing communities, and their social and practical usefulness. I then examine the economic, ideological and institutional factors that combine to perpetuate the marginalisation and neglect of local knowledge, and discuss some of the requirements for applying local knowledge in modern management.     

城市移动通信基站电磁辐射环境调查与评价——以连云港为例

对连云港移动通信基站电磁辐射环境进行现状调查与评价,将3个时段内移动基站电磁辐射监测数据进行统计分析和分区评价。结果表明,监测数据均能符合相应的环境标准,县域电磁环境辐射水平整体略低于城市区域,基站周边整体受电磁辐射影响程度随高度上升呈增加趋势,10 m～15 m高度处的综合场强平均峰值最高。     

电磁辐射环境信访分析与应对措施探讨

以南通市辐射环境信访调处为例,对该市近年来电磁辐射信访投诉量及其变化,投诉对象、方式、诉求等进行分析,并结合调处经验,提出上门实测、合法性核查、组织协调等应对措施,以及完善执行机制,优化评价技术;加强辐射环境监管;保障公众参与权、知情权和监督权;正确引导公众舆论等解决辐射环境信访问题的建议。     

移动通信基站架设方式对地面电磁辐射分布的影响

选取南通市具有代表性的9种不同架设类型的基站现场实测,分析其地面水平方向上的电磁辐射分布特征,以掌握基站不同架设方式对地面电磁辐射的影响。结果表明:天线架设方式不同,地面电磁辐射强度及分布存在一定差异,落地塔监测值整体低于楼顶塔。50 m范围内,功率密度值由大到小依次是楼顶抱杆楼顶井字塔楼顶角钢塔楼顶景观塔楼顶集束天线楼顶拉线塔楼顶四角塔楼顶美化天线落地塔,地面最大值普遍出现在距离基站20 m~30 m范围。受天线架设高度、下倾角因素的影响,楼顶美化天线和楼顶角钢塔地面最大值点分别出现在距离基站60 m和70 m处,超出监测点位50 m布设范围。