Microwave synthesis,characterization, and bio-efficacy of novel halogenated Schiff bases

A new series of halogenated Schiff bases was synthesized by the condensation of 5-fluoro-2-hydroxy acetophenone and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy acetophenone with different alkyl amines, namely propyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl amines, under microwave irradiation. Newly formed molecules were characterized by Infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR) spectroscopic techniques. Further, the Schiff bases were screened for antifungal bioassay, and the results showed potential fungicidal activity against two very important plant infecting fungi, viz. Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. Among the screened compounds, 2,4-dichloro-2-[1-(propylimino)ethyl]phenol was found to be the most active compound against both R. solani (ED₅₀ 8.02 mg L^?1) and S. rolfsii (ED₅₀ 21.51 mg L^?1) followed by 2,4-dichloro-2-[1-(pentylimino) ethyl]phenol (ED₅₀ 13.02 and 29.57 mg L^?1, respectively). The synthesized compounds were also screened for antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging technique. All the compounds showed very low to moderate activity as compared with Gallic acid.     

Human perceptions of landscape change: The case of a monodominant forest of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Attalea speciosa</Emphasis> Mart ex. Spreng (Northeast Brazil)

From the perception of human populations, we can assess the changes occurring in certain landscapes and the factors that cause those changes. Such studies have proven helpful in increasing the knowledge of the history of a landscape, recognizing past formations and projecting its future. Our research objective was to determine how a landscape dominated by the palm tree Attalea speciosa, a species of ecological, economic, and cultural importance, has been changing over time by synthesizing and comparing historical documents and local perceptions. This study was conducted in Araripe Environmental Protection Area, Northeast Region, Brazil. To understand local landscape change, we interviewed active harvesters in four communities in which A. speciosa use has been documented. Historical documents were evaluated as a complement to the interview data. According to local informants, areas previously used for cultivation and animal husbandry that were abandoned or decimated by droughts in the region may have fostered the expansion of a monodominant A. speciosa forest. Furthermore, other forms of landscape management resulting from human population growth may also have affected the current and past distribution of this forest.     

高职经济类专业校内实训基地建设的改革探索

针对高职院校经济类专业校内实训基地建设中存在的基地建设欠缺、设施建设不完善和规划不合理等问题,经济类专业校内实训基地建设应该采取寻求社会支持、构建新型实践教学体系等措施,以提高整体实践教学水平,达到高职院校经济类专业能够重点培养学生职业能力的效果。     

The Key Role of the Barefoot Fisheries Advisors in the Co-managed TURF System of Galicia (NW Spain)

Many authors have pointed out the need for simpler assessment and management procedures for avoiding overexploitation in small-scale fisheries. Nevertheless, models for providing scientific advice for sustainable small-scale fisheries management have not yet been published. Here we present one model; the case of the Barefoot Fisheries Advisors (BFAs) in the Galician co-managed Territorial Users Rights for Fishing. Based on informal interviews, gray literature and our personal experience by being involved in this process, we have analyzed the historical development and evolution of roles of this novel and stimulating actor in small-scale fisheries management. The Galician BFA model allows the provision of good quality and organized fisheries data to facilitate and support decision-making processes. The BFAs also build robust social capital by acting as knowledge collectors and translators between fishers, managers, and scientists. The BFAs have become key actors in the small-scale fisheries management of Galicia and a case for learning lessons.     

水资源安全基本概念与研究进展

关于水安全与水资源安全,目前仍没有明确的界定与相对明确公认的概念。针对该问题,对国内外关于水安全与水资源安全概念的界定做了回顾与评述。讨论了水资源安全的主体,提出水资源安全的主体是人,水资源安全基础是健康的水循环,水循环包括自然水循环与社会经济系统水循环。基于以上认识,阐述了广义的和狭义的水资源安全的内涵,强调水资源系统是一个开放的、动态的系统,涉及自然和社会经济复合系统中的诸多子系统,人类必须与水资源系统和谐共处,合理分享水资源,水循环系统才会健康运行。指出水资源安全的目标是保证人类的生存与发展而不因水资源的问题而受到威胁。     

工资发放管理系统

Foxpro是一种方便的图形化数据库开发语言。笔者利用它编写了一个简单实用的工资发放管理系统软件。本文从该软件的设计思想、实施方法、难点分析、使用效果等几个方面介绍和论述。     

基于最低成本—周期模型的昆明市空间形态演变研究

在政治经济学背景下,由于政府力量和市场力量相互交融,城市形态演化遵循一定的周期性演变规律。基于1909~2008年间昆明市历史阶段的形态演化资料,运用参与式照片、R指数及高密度填充指数与低密度扩张指数分析了昆明市城市形态演化的周期性规律。结果表明,从理性的微观过程或个体行为及宏观过程或城市实践来看,城市形态演化包含了最低成本周期扩张模型,即低密度的扩张与高密度的填充;低密度的扩张由政府主导的基础设施建设投资所引导,而高密度的回填运动由集体与理性的个体企业所引发,故城市形态的宏观演化,是它本身的内在法则与外部机制的统一体。这一结果有助于解释更多有关土地使用及土地管理的信息,将帮助我们进行规划未来的城市发展。     

基于偏好DEA的海上应急基地运行效率评价

为了发现和解决投入冗余和产出不足问题以提高运行效率,采用数据包络分析(DEA)方法对海上应急基地运行效率进行评价。构建以运营费用和固定投入为输入指标,以应急基地所负责海域的有效面积、救助抵达平均时间、应急出动次数、应急救助成功率为输出指标的评价指标体系,其中救助抵达平均时间为非期望输出指标。将非期望输出指标和决策者的偏好信息引入C2R和C2GS2模型,并用以评价应急基地的运行效率。实证案例表明:所评价的绝大多数的应急基地为非DEA有效,且都为规模递增和可通过增加运营费用和固定投入来提高DEA效率。     

基于信息共享的突发事件应急响应信息模型(Ⅱ):模型计算

以数字城市服务平台为支撑,构建一个面向突发事件应急的决策框架系统,以解决应急响应信息模型计算涉及的3个关键问题:分布数据的获取、应急辅助模型的运算和应急响应辅助数据集的分发。系统利用平台的服务总线来获取分布的部门数据资源,并分发信息模型计算得到的数据集,使用平台的模型库系统来管理和调度应急辅助模型,通过模板机制实现信息模型的快速定义和重用,并提供一个基于W eb的事件报送接口来实时接收事件信息。将系统运用于前文构建的突发化学品事故信息模型的计算中,过程表明,系统可完成模型计算的任务,并能够扩展到其他的突发事件应急中。     

黄土高原土壤侵蚀监测与预估──以长武沟壑区为例

应用不同时期的TM图像,分别解译编制两期土壤侵蚀类型图。在地理信息系统（GIS）支持下,建立空间数据库。获得长武县土壤侵蚀动态图和动态转移数据矩阵,可以定位、定性、定量地显示前后两期间土壤侵蚀动态演变格局,并用Markov链模型对未来土壤侵蚀演变趋势进行模拟和预测。结果表明,研究区同时存在着＂一边治理,一边破坏＂的双重现象。