DNA damage in mouse organs and in human sperm cells by bisphenol A

Abstract

The in vivo genotoxic potential of bisphenol A using the comet assay in mice and in human sperm cells in vitro without metabolizing enzymes was studied. Male mice were exposed by oral gavage to the following doses of bisphenol A (0 125, 250 and 500?mg/kg body weight). DNA damage was investigated in liver, kidney, testes, urinary bladder, colon and lungs cells. In testicular cells, a significant increase in DNA strand breaks was observed in the lowest, but not in the medium or highest dose groups. Histopathological investigation of the testicular samples did not show any treatment dose-related effects. No DNA strand breaks were observed in any of the other investigated tissues. In human sperm cells in vitro, bisphenol A did not induce DNA strand breaks.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)与卵清白蛋白(OVA)联合染毒对小鼠肺脏和脾脏组织氧化应激的作用

为研究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutylphthalate,DBP)单独染毒及与卵清白蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)联合染毒对小鼠肺脏和脾脏组织氧化应激的作用,将BALB/c小鼠随机分为8组:(1)未处理对照组(生理盐水组);(2)0.5mg·kg-1DBP染毒组;(3)5.0mg·kg-1DBP染毒组;(4)50mg·kg-1DBP染毒组;(5)1.67mg·kg-1OVA单独染毒组;(6)0.5mg·kg-1DBP与1.67mg·kg-1OVA联合染毒组;(7)5.0mg·kg-1DBP与1.67mg·kg-1OVA联合染毒组;(8)50mg·kg-1DBP与1.67mg·kg-1OVA联合染毒组。未处理对照组和DBP染毒组每天按体质量给予生理盐水和DBP灌胃。2周后,测定肺脏组织活性氧物种(ROS)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及脾脏组织ROS、GSH含量。结果显示,联合染毒组相较于其他组的肺脏组织各指标均有不同的显著性差异(P<0.05),联合染毒组的脾脏组织中ROS含量较其他组有显著差异(P<0.05),而GSH含量无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结果说明,DBP与OVA联合染毒能够增强肺脏组织的氧化应激作用,对于脾脏组织的氧化应激作用不明显;DBP在联合染毒中显示一定免疫佐剂效应。     

小鼠子宫增重法检测国产三氯杀螨醇的雌激素生物活性

为了解我国商品农药三氯杀螨醇是否具有明显的雌激素活性，利用整体给药方式检测了不同剂量三氯杀螨醇对未成熟小鼠子宫的作用。结果表明，较低剂量的三氯杀螨醇未使小鼠子明显增重，当剂量增加到４ｍｇ和８ｍｇ时，子宫重量明显增加，与对照组结果相比 ，有显著差异。     

太湖中微囊藻毒素的遗传毒性研究

应用Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验,对从太湖蓝藻水华中提取的微囊藻毒素进行测试.结果表明,太湖蓝藻水华中提取的微囊藻毒素对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌组氨酸缺陷型TA98菌株直接作用呈现致突变性,而经S9代谢活化作用后未呈现致突变性;可明显增强小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞的微核率,并呈现一定的剂量反应关系;但未引起小鼠精子畸变率的改变.      

Oxidation state specific analysis of arsenic species in tissues of wild-type and arsenic (+ 3 oxidation state) methyltransferase-knockout mice

Arsenic methyltransferase(As3mt) catalyzes the conversion of inorganic arsenic(i As) to its methylated metabolites, including toxic methylarsonite(MAs~Ⅲ) and dimethylarsinite(DMAs~Ⅲ). Knockout(KO) of As3 mt was shown to reduce the capacity to methylate i As in mice. However, no data are available on the oxidation states of As species in tissues of these mice. Here, we compare the oxidation states of As species in tissues of male C57BL/6 As3mt-KO and wild-type(WT) mice exposed to arsenite(iA s~Ⅲ) in drinking water. WT mice were exposed to50 mg/L As and As3mt-KO mice that cannot tolerate 50 mg/L As were exposed to 0, 15, 20, 25 or30 mg/L As. iA s~Ⅲaccounted for 53% to 74% of total As in liver, pancreas, adipose, lung, heart, and kidney of As3mt-KO mice; tri- and pentavalent methylated arsenicals did not exceed 10% of total As. Tissues of WT mice retained iA s and methylated arsenicals: iA s~Ⅲ, MAs~Ⅲand DMAs~Ⅲ represented 55%‐68% of the total As in the liver, pancreas, and brain. High levels of methylated species, particularly MAs~Ⅲ, were found in the intestine of WT, but not As3mt-KO mice,suggesting that intestinal bacteria are not a major source of methylated As. Blood of WT mice contained significantly higher levels of As than blood of As3mt-KO mice. This study is the first to determine oxidation states of As species in tissues of As3mt-KO mice. Results will help to design studies using WT and As3mt-KO mice to examine the role of iA s methylation in adverse effects of iA s exposure.     

女贞枝叶挥发物对小白鼠自发活动的影响

采用旷场实验,通过连续6天的实验观察,分析昆明种小白鼠在不同浓度女贞枝叶挥发气味环境中处理后其行为指标的变化,研究了女贞枝叶挥发物对小白鼠自发活动的影响,以此来客观评价女贞挥发物的保健功能。结果表明:1)处理组小白鼠运动总路程大于对照组,表明女贞挥发物有助于提高小白鼠的兴奋性。2)中央活动路程和站立次数两项指标呈现阶段性变化,探究适应阶段处理组小白鼠的指标数值显著高于对照组,熟悉环境阶段组间差异减小,但处理组的指标数值下降幅度小于对照组,表明女贞挥发物有利于促进小白鼠的探究性行为,提高其感知能力、学习和记忆力水平。3)实验过程中处理组小白鼠的粪便粒数始终比对照组少,表明女贞枝叶挥发物有利于缓解小鼠对新环境的紧张状态。     

铬在小鼠体内的蓄积效应与毒性

铬的工业用途很广,主要用于金属加工、电镀、制革等行业,这些行业排放的三废导致了环境铬污染,对环境生态和人体健康造成危害。为探究铬对动物的毒性作用,选择昆明种纯系小白鼠作为受试生物,研究六价铬在小鼠体内的蓄积效应及毒性。结果显示,饮用水中一定浓度的六价铬(15~70 mg·L-1)可抑制小鼠体重的正常增长,染毒30 d后,小鼠肝脏和肾脏脏器系数下降,脾脏和脑的脏器系数提高;总铬含量在心脏和脾脏中增高,其他脏器中无明显蓄积效应;铬染毒组小鼠骨髓细胞活性氧水平提高,骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率显著增高。结果表明,通过饮水摄入六价铬可造成小鼠肝肾损伤,心脏和脾脏内铬蓄积,并通过活性氧损伤效应破坏机体的遗传稳定性。     

甲醛暴露时间延长加剧小鼠哮喘模型肺氧化损伤并促进IL-17表达

为了探究不同暴露时间甲醛对小鼠哮喘模型肺氧化应激及IL-17表达的影响,用浓度为3.0 mg·m~(-3)的甲醛气体吸入染毒,同时将48只雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分为6组:(1)对照组(生理盐水组);(2)ovalbumin(OVA)致敏组;(3)0.5 h甲醛+OVA组;(4)1h甲醛+OVA组;(5)1.5 h甲醛+OVA组;(6)2 h甲醛+OVA组,以不同时间长度进行甲醛暴露,连续35 d。OVA致敏组、0.5 h甲醛+OVA组、1 h甲醛+OVA组、1.5 h甲醛+OVA组、2 h甲醛+OVA组均在第11、18及25天腹腔注射OVA致敏液(5 mg OVA+175 mg Al(OH)_3+30 mL生理盐水),第29~35天(共计1周)进行1%OVA雾化(30 min·d~(-1)),每日1次,诱发哮喘。第36天进行以下操作:取肺组织测定肺系数并制作肺匀浆,检测肺组织中活性氧自由基(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,并采用ELISA法检测肺组织中IL-17的水平。同时,采用HE染色法观察小鼠肺部气道的病理学变化。结果显示,在浓度为3.0 mg·m~(-3)的甲醛气体吸入染毒条件下,与对照组相比,1.5 h甲醛+OVA染毒组、2 h甲醛+OVA染毒组ROS、MDA、IL-17含量上升,具有统计学意义(P0.01)。同时,随着暴露时间长度的增加,小鼠肺部气道出现明显病理学变化。综上所述,每天2 h甲醛+OVA染毒能对小鼠肺造成损伤并恶化OVA对小鼠肺的损伤,产生炎症反应,并通过氧化应激反应介导。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)与卵清白蛋白(OVA)联合染毒对小鼠肺脏和脾脏组织的氧化应激

为研究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)单独染毒及与卵清白蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)联合染毒对小鼠肺脏和脾脏组织氧化应激的作用,将BALB/c小鼠随机分为8组:(1)未处理对照组(生理盐水组);(2)0.5 mg·kg-1DBP染毒组;(3)50 mg·kg-1DBP染毒组;(4) 50 mg·kg-1DBP染毒组;(5) 1.67 mg·kg-1OVA单独染毒组;(6) 0.5 mg·kg-1DBP与1.67 mg· kg-1OVA联合染毒组;(7) 5.0 mg·kg-1 DBP与1.67 mg·kg-1 OVA联合染毒组;(8) 50 mg· kg-1 DBP与1.67 mg·kg-1 OVA联合染毒组.未处理对照组和DBP染毒组每天按体质量给予生理盐水和DBP灌胃.2周后,测定肺脏组织活性氧物种(ROS)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及脾脏组织ROS、GSH含量.结果显示,联合染毒组相较于其他组的肺脏组织各指标均有不同的显著性差异(P＜0.05),联合染毒组的脾脏组织中ROS含量较其他组有显著差异(P＜0.05),而GSH含量无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结果说明,DBP与OVA联合染毒能够增强肺脏组织的氧化应激作用,对于脾脏组织的氧化应激作用不明显;DBP在联合染毒中显示一定免疫佐剂效应.     

双酚A对小鼠肝脏和肾脏细胞的氧化损伤

为探究双酚A(BPA)的氧化毒性,分别以剂量为20、40和80mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)的BPA对雄性昆明小鼠灌胃处理1周,并测定了小鼠体内活性氧自由基(ROS)水平、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和DNA-蛋白质交联系数(DPC)。与对照组相比,各BPA暴露组小鼠肝脏和肾脏细胞中的ROS生成量、MDA含量和DPC系数均升高,而GSH含量下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。ROS生成量、GSH含量和DPC系数均显示出剂量-效应关系。研究表明,BPA可扰乱小鼠肝脏和肾脏细胞的氧化应激平衡,诱导细胞氧化损伤。