酸雨对土壤营养元素迁移转化的影响

针对近年来北方一些城市大气污染严重并导致部分月份出现酸雨,及酸雨对主要营养元素产生影响的实际情况,通过模拟pH=5.6的酸雨的淋溶实验,对土壤营养元素迁移转化规律作了较深入的研究。结果表明,土壤中硝态氮质量分数随土壤深度的增加而呈下降的趋势;土壤中速效磷、速效钾对酸雨不敏感;拟合出在土壤表层(<5 cm)、10 cm、20 cm、30 cm的不同深度,硝态氮随时间变化的迁移规律方程。     

Nutritional phagostimulants function as male courtship pheromone in the German cockroach, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Blattella germanica</Emphasis>

Summary. Males of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, secrete a pheromonal substance from the abdominal tergal glands, which elicits a feeding response in females during the sequential courtship behavior. The nuptial secretion consists predominantly of a synergistic mixture of sugars and phospholipids. Cholesterol and a series of amino acids, which are also components of the males glandular secretion, significantly enhanced the phagostimulant activity of the sugar components. The nuptial feeding behavior of the female cockroach is therefore elicited by a complex assortment of nutritive components in the male tergal secretion, including sugars, phospholipids, cholesterol, and amino acids. These results indicate that a mixture of primary metabolites, and not of specific secondary metabolites, serves as a pheromonal cue that appeals to the females gustatory sense and effectively brings her to the precopulatory position. Although the male secretion consists of nutrients, we suggest that these compounds probably do not represent a significant nutrient investment in females and their progeny but rather function as a signal in the mating sequence of B. germanica.     

超高浓度萘系磺酸染料中间体废液资源化

本文介绍了胺盐萃取回收率液中萘磺酸染料中间体的方法，回收率达９５％以上，回收浓缩液工艺套用，１０ｔ／ｄ废液量的资源化年净效益达５８０万元，投资费用两个月即可全部收回，采用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温方程描述体系中萃取剂用量，待萃物含量和萃取率的关系，使工艺参数的确立和工程设计完全处理指导之下。     

荔枝花雄蕊和雌蕊发育过程中碳氮化合物的动态变化

比较分析了荔枝花性决定中碳氮化合物的动态变化。结果发现：C/N较大有利于雄蕊分化,反之则有利于雌蕊分化;氨基酸含量较高有利于雌蕊分化,雄蕊的氨基酸含量仅为雌蕊的一半。脯氨酸与花粉育性存在着密切相关关系。另外,探讨了雌蕊或雄蕊败育的生理意义,在长期的进化中,败育的雌蕊或雄蕊“废物”重新被利用,为同一花中迅速发育的雌蕊或雄蕊提供能量和物质的需求,表5参13。     

复合垂直流构建湿地净化酞酸酯的初步研究

为考察湿地对特殊污染物酞酸酯的净化作用，在温室中建造了专门用于酞酸酯研究的2套下行流-上行流湿地小试系统，1号系统邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基已基）酯（DEHP）污染负荷分别为19.86mgL^-1和3.16mgL^-1,2号系统DBP和DEHP污染负荷分别为9.84mgL^-1和1.58mgL^-1，试验时间为45d。水力负荷为420Ld^-1。结果表明：构建湿地对人工配置污水中的酞酸酯有很好的净化效果。平均去除率达到99.95%以上，出水酞酸酯质量浓度为10^-9级，均低于国家排放标准（GB8978-1996）.     

The Impact of the Hyperacid Ijen Crater Lake. Part I: Concentrations of Elements in Crops and Soil

In Asembagus (East Java, Indonesia) irrigation water is contaminated with effluent from the hyperacid Ijen Crater Lake resulting in a low pH and high levels of various elements. As a first step towards a risk assessment, locally produced food items (rice, maize, cassava leaf, cassava root, peanuts) were collected and concentrations of As, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn were compared to samples from a reference area and with literature values. Further, concentrations in rice were compared to total soil concentrations in paddy fields. Compared to the reference area, food items produced in the contaminated area had increased levels of Cd, Co, Ni and Mn in particular, while levels of Mo were lower. In contrast, total soil concentrations of Cd and Mn in particular have decreased whereas especially Mo was increased. In combination with the observed soil acidification, it is likely that the bioavailable concentration of most elements in the contaminated soil is higher (except for Mo) due to an increased weathering rate and/or input via the contaminated irrigation water. In terms of human health, concentrations in foods were generally within normal literature values. However, it was observed that essential elements (in particular Fe) known for their inhibitory effects on e.g. Cd and Mn toxicity did not accumulate in crops whereas Cd and Mn did.     

Factors driving the seasonal dynamics of Pseudo-nitzschia species and domoic acid at mussel farming in the SW Mediterranean Sea

ABSTRACT

The seasonal variations in Pseudo-nitzschia species and domoic acid (DA) concentration were investigated, at three shellfish farms in SW coastal Mediterranean. In parallel, the toxicity of mussels was tested. Two distinct groups of species were enumerated according to morphology and size (Pseudo-nizschia delicatissima and P. seriata groups). DA was detected over a nine-week period from July to October 2012 in the Lagoon, with a maximum concentration recorded in July (12.71?ng?DA?L^?1). DA was positively correlated with the presence of P. seriata-group and P. delicatissima-group and was mostly occurred during P limitation period in seawater. No DA was found in mussels that were collected during the period of DA absence in seawater. Our results suggest that temperature, salinity, inorganic and organic nutrients were significant for the seasonal dynamics of P. seriata and P. delicatissima groups, but that the P limitation was the most driving factor for DA production in these areas. The relative influence of environmental factors should be further studied to better understand the recent surfacing of massive blooms of toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia in SW Mediterranean coast.     

阳离子交换树脂富集衍生气相色谱法测定二甲基胂酸

实验发现,碘化二甲基胂(IDA)具有很好的色谱挥发性,在5％,10％SE-30柱上可得到较好的色谱峰。二甲基胂酸(DMA)碘化后生成碘化二甲基胂(IDA)。本文提出了新的碘化萃取体系:SnCl_2-KI(1moI/l)-HCl(6mol/l)-甲苯。该体系具有转化率高、干扰少的优点。实验还发现,经过阳离子交换树脂富集,有效地消除了低浓度时,DMA转化中或转化后的分解或吸附对测定的影响,从而提高了分析结果的准确度。     

大红色基G生产中的废酸资源回收

大红色基Ｇ生产中产生的废硫酸内含硫酸达５０％，ＣＯＤ７０ｇ／Ｌ，难用常规的方法来处理。本文给出了用该废酸生产硫酸锌进而生产立德粉的方法，并用ＣＯＤ浓度作为硫酸锌质量的控制指标，氧化锌和了废硫酸后，有机会物从溶液中析了，ＣＯＤ的去除率达９９％。残存的有机物用活性炭吸附法除去。控制ＺｎＳＯ４溶液中ＣＯＤ≤６０ｍｇ／Ｌ，可制得合格的Ｂ３０１立德粉。有杉本法使硫酸资源全部回收并且无废水排放。     

铝离子与聚硅酸的相互作用

本文应用核磁共振技术及化学分析方法研究了铝离子与聚硅酸之间的相互作用情况;借助于微电泳技术测定了含铝离子的聚硅酸絮凝剂在不同pH值条件下水解沉淀物的表面ζ电位变化情况;借助于透射电镜手段及静置观察方法考察了铝离子含量对聚硅酸胶凝作用的影响。实验结果表明,聚硅酸对铝离子具有一定的螯合(络合)和吸附作用,但二者之间不存在定量的作用关系,而是聚硅酸对铝离子的作用量随着铝离子含量的增加而增加。铝离子影响聚硅酸的胶凝时间,适量的铝离子的存在可延长聚硅酸的胶凝时间。聚硅酸的存在影响铝离子在不同pH值下的水解沉淀物的ζ电位值,使得达到零电位状态时的pH值向低pH值方向移动。