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131.
132.
Xiaobin Hu Jinyun Ye Rongfei Zhang Xiang Wu Yixiang Zhang Chenglong Wu 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(10):770-776
MC analysis of biological tissue is considered to be very difficult due to the lack of validated methods. This is the primary limiting factor for monitoring potential risks in both the flesh of aquatic organisms and the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, an effective method to determine free MCs (MC-LR and MC-RR) in the muscle and liver tissues of freshwater cultured fish was developed using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). The extraction solvent, time of extraction, eluent and purification of the extract were optimized. Various SPE cartridges were also investigated. In this optimized analytical procedure, an 85% methanol/water solution (v/v) was selected as the extraction solvent, after which the extracts were purified by removing fats and proteins; a HLB cartridge was chosen for MCs enrichment; and 90% methanol containing 0.02% formic acid/water solution (v/v) was used as the eluent. Under the optimized pretreatment conditions and instrument parameters, good recoveries of MC-LR and MC-RR were obtained at three concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 µg g?1 dry weight (DW)), with values ranging from 92.5 to 98.3% and 92.1 to 98.6%, respectively. The method detection limit (MDL) for muscle samples was 0.5 µg kg?1 and 0.4 µg kg?1 (DW) for MC-LR and MC-RR, respectively. The MDL for the liver samples was 0.8 µg kg?1 (DW) for both MC-LR and MC-RR. The developed procedure was successfully applied to analyze MCs in the muscle and liver of fish samples collected from a Chinese freshwater aquaculture pond during bloom seasons. The MC-LR concentrations ranged from below the MDL to 4.17 µg kg?1 and the MC-RR concentrations ranged from below the MDL to 2.64 µg kg?1. 相似文献
133.
徐州地区地下水中内分泌干扰物的监测与风险评估 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定徐州地区地下水中内分泌干扰物,并用雌二醇当量EEQ计算法和风险熵RQ计算法分别对其活性和生态风险水平分析评价。结果表明,徐州地区地下水中不含雌酮(E1)、雌二醇(E2)、雌三醇(E3)、炔雌醇(EE2)等内分泌干扰物,只含有双酚A(BPA),且最高值达26.45 ng/L,提出应把BPA作为控制重点。 相似文献
134.
氟对西伯利亚鲟仔鱼的急性毒性及安全浓度评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为检测氟对鱼类的生态毒性效应,在水温(17±1)℃的条件下,采用半静态式生物毒性试验方法研究了氟离子对西伯利亚鲟初孵仔鱼的急性毒性效应(氟离子浓度梯度设置为0、100、200、300、400、500、600mg·L-1).结果表明,氟暴露后仔鱼出现焦躁不安、失去平衡、呼吸减弱等中毒症状,且随着暴露浓度的升高与暴露时间的延长,死亡率逐渐增加,存在明显的剂量效应关系和时间效应关系.氟对西伯利亚鲟初孵仔鱼48h、72h、96hLC50分别为1014.10mg·L-1、288.28mg·L-1、181.18mg·L-1.经计算得出氟对西伯利亚鲟初孵仔鱼安全质量浓度为1.81mg·L-1,低于我国部分高氟地区地下水、地表水及人为氟污染水域中氟的浓度,应引起高度重视. 相似文献
135.
多壁碳纳米管存在环境下Pb、Zn对斑马鱼毒性的变化(The Change of the Toxicity of Pb and Zn on Zebrafish in the Case of the Existence of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了重金属铅、锌对斑马鱼的急性毒性效应及在人工碳纳米材料——多壁碳纳米管存在环境下,铅、锌对斑马鱼毒性的变化.结果显示,随着铅(Pb(NO3)2)、锌(ZnSO4)浓度的增加以及染毒时间的延长,斑马鱼死亡率逐渐增加;单一多壁碳纳米管悬液(10mg·L-1)对斑马鱼无明显毒性效应.Pb和Zn对斑马鱼24h、48h和96h的LC50分别为5.38mg·L-1、3.99mg·L-1、3.83mg·L-1和26.37mg·L-1、21.39mg·L-1、20.62mg·L-1;在多壁碳纳米管存在条件下,二者对斑马鱼24h、48h和96h的LC50分别为2.74mg·L-1、2.26mg·L-1、2.15mg·L-1和21.85mg·L-1、17.17mg·L-1、16.77mg·L-1.多壁碳纳米管存在条件下铅、锌对斑马鱼的LC50显著降低,提示碳纳米材料可能会增加重金属对水生生物的毒性. 相似文献
136.
Ammonium nitrate is one of the most widespread contaminants related with the viability of natural amphibian populations. In this study we have evaluated in terms of mortality and total length the effects that a previous sublethal pulse to ammonium nitrate generates in Epidalea calamita. Experiments were divided in two phases. In the first one, tadpoles were exposed to two different treatments, with and without a low ammonium nitrate concentration (22 mg NH4NO3 L−1). The second phase consisted in static toxicity experiments from both origin treatments with five different nominal concentrations (0, 22, 45, 90 and 180 mg NH4NO3 L−1). Results showed that tadpoles that had experienced a previous sublethal exposure showed a negative effect on survival (57% of reduction in the LC50 value) and total length, throughout an increase in their sensitivity. These results could help us to understand the situation of amphibian populations inhabiting aquatic ecosystems exposed to discontinuous and variable pulses of pollutants. 相似文献
137.
Assessment of risk to humans of bisphenol A in marine and freshwater fish from Pearl River Delta, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production-volume chemical used in the manufacture of a wide variety of consumer products. However it is also a ubiquitous contaminant that can interfere with endocrine systems of wildlife and humans. China is the “world factory” and the Pearl River Delta is the major manufacturing center and is consequently polluted. Concentrations of BPA in meats of marketable fish had not been previously reported for this region. In the study upon which we report here concentrations of BPA were determined in 20 common species of freshwater and marine fish, collected from markets in Hong Kong, SAR, China. A comprehensive analytical method based on SPE extraction and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed, validated and applied. The method limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.5 and 1.25 ng g−1 dw, respectively. BPA was detected in 19 species of fish at concentrations, ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 ng g−1 ww. Average daily BPA intake per person ranged from 1.1 × 102 ng d−1 for marine fish and 2.2 × 102 ng d−1 for freshwater fish. Concentrations of BPA in fish from Hong Kong markets unlikely would be causing adverse population-level effects in humans. 相似文献
138.
139.
Technological choices are multi-dimensional and thus one needs a multi-dimensional methodology to identify best available techniques. Moreover, in the presence of environmental externalities generated by productive activities, ‘best’ available techniques should be best from Society's point of view, not only in terms of private interests. In this paper we present a modeling framework based on methodologies appropriate to serve these two purposes, namely linear programming and internalization of external costs. We develop it as an operational decision tool, of interest for both firms and regulators, and we apply it to a plant in the lime industry. We show why, in this context, there is in general not a single best available technique (BAT), but well a best combination of available techniques to be used (BCAT). 相似文献
140.
Nicole Riddell Gilles Arsenault Jeff Klein Alan Lough Chris H. Marvin Alan McAlees Robert McCrindle Gordia MacInnis Ed Sverko Sheryl Tittlemier Gregg T. Tomy 《Chemosphere》2009,74(11):1538-1543
1,2,5,6-Tetrabromocyclooctane (TBCO) is a commercial brominated flame retardant that is employed mainly as an additive in textiles, paints and plastics. Very little is known about its presence or behavior in the environment or its analysis. TBCO can exist as two diastereomers, the stereochemistries of which have not been previously reported. We have named the first eluting isomer, under HPLC conditions, as alpha-TBCO (α-TBCO) and the later eluting isomer as beta-TBCO (β-TBCO) when using an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column with methanol/acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. The structural elucidation of these two isomers was accomplished by 1H NMR spectroscopy, GC/MS, LC/MS and X-ray structure determinations. α-TBCO is (1R,2R,5S,6S)-1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane and β-TBCO is rac-(1R,2R,5R,6R)-1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane. As with some other brominated cycloaliphatic compounds, TBCO is thermally labile and the isomers easily interconvert. A thermal equilibrium mixture of α- and β-TBCO consists of approximately 15% and 85% of these isomers, respectively. Separation of the two diastereomers, with minimal thermal interconversion between them, is achievable by careful selection of GC-capillary column length and injector temperature. LC/MS analyses of TBCO also presents an analytical challenge due to poor resolution of the isomers on chromatographic stationary phases, and weak intensity of molecular ions (or major fragment ions) when using LC-ESI/MS. Only bromide ions were seen in the mass spectra. APCI and APPI also failed to produce the molecular ion with sufficient intensity for identification. 相似文献