氯代苯类化合物对江水细菌的毒性及QSAR研究

采用细菌生长抑制实验,测定了18种氯苯类化合物对长江水中混合细菌的毒性,得到24 hIC₅₀值,-1gIC₅₀为3.65～4.32,其中,毒性最弱的是氯苯,毒性最强的是1,2,4-三氯苯.选用分子连接性指数法对毒性数据进行定量结构活性关系(QSAR)研究.结果表明,氯苯类化合物对江水细菌的毒性与苯环上取代基的种类、数目和位置有关,价分子连接性指数0XV和7X_CHV能够很好地描述氯苯类化合物对江水细菌的毒性.方程-1gIC₅₀=0.8390XV-25.3727X_CHV+0.802的稳健性很好,该模型的预测值与毒性实测值之间的相关系数达0.948.      

对等效声级Leq不小于L10可能性的讨论

本文针对噪声实际监测中出现等效声级Leq大于或等于累积百分比声级L1 0 可能性的不同情况 ,通过理论与实际相结合 ,阐述了等效声级Leq大于或等于累积百分比声级L1 0 的可能性及其相互之间的关系     

根据片段常数法估算有机化合物对虹鳟的LC50值

根据 2 58种有机物对虹鳟的 96h半数致死浓度 (LC50 )实测值建立了预测有机物对虹鳟LC50 的片段常数估算模型 .讨论了模型的误差和稳健性 .结果表明 ,有机物的片段常数及结构因子与虹鳟log1 /LC50 之间具有很好的定量关系 .可以根据化合物片段估算其对虹鳟的半数致死浓度 .最终模型的可决系数为 0 94 95,平均误差0 4 2个对数单位 .无论就单一化合物或化合物类别而言 ,模型均具有较高的稳健性     

微囊藻毒素对褶皱臂尾轮虫的毒性效应和种群增长影响

 研究了微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)对咸淡水褶皱臂尾轮虫的急性毒性效应.采用克隆培养法,通过编制生命表计算内禀增长率(rm)、周限增长率(l)、净生殖率(R₀)和世代时间(T),研究MC-LR的浓度在1～20mg/mL之间对轮虫种群增长参数的影响.结果表明,MC-LR的24h LC₅₀为124.87mg/mL;各实验组轮虫的存活率和繁殖率及种群增长参数均低于对照组,其中以R₀的改变最明显,对照组是实验组的2.4～3.8倍;实验组轮虫的雄体发生率是对照组的2倍以上.研究还显示了轮虫对MC-LR有较强的耐受能力;MC-LR能降低轮虫的生命周期、繁殖和种群增长率;MC-LR能诱导轮虫雄性个体的发生.     

铜离子对中国花鲈幼鱼的毒性研究

为给中国花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)养殖提供污染生物学的理论数据,研究了中国花鲈幼鱼的铜离子中毒症状和半致死浓度(LC50);检测了幼鱼肝脏的谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活力;分析了铜离子胁迫对...     

3种药物对寡毛双眉虫Diophrys oligothrix(纤毛虫门,腹毛目)的急性毒杀作用

通过海洋纤毛虫寡毛双眉虫Diophrysoligothrix对水产养殖中常用药物高锰酸钾、福尔马林及鲁哥氏液的急性毒性实验 ,以几率单位法获得双眉虫对福尔马林及鲁哥氏液的 2h、12h的半致死浓度LC50 值 :对前者 ,LC50 ,2h值为 5 9.35× 10 -6,LC50 ,12h为 5 2 .5 4× 10 -6;对于后者 ,LC50 ,2h为 12 4.5 4× 10 -6,LC50 ,12h为 72 .98× 10 -6.在此基础上对3种药物的作用效果及杀灭浓度进行了比较 ,结果表明 ,寡毛双眉虫对福尔马林的耐受力明显小于鲁哥氏液 ,同时显示高锰酸钾是在养殖动物耐受阈内可迅速杀灭纤毛虫的理想药物 .图 4表 5参 11     

Effects of previous sublethal pulse to ammonium nitrate on mortality and total length on Epidalea calamita larvae

Ammonium nitrate is one of the most widespread contaminants related with the viability of natural amphibian populations. In this study we have evaluated in terms of mortality and total length the effects that a previous sublethal pulse to ammonium nitrate generates in Epidalea calamita. Experiments were divided in two phases. In the first one, tadpoles were exposed to two different treatments, with and without a low ammonium nitrate concentration (22 mg NH₄NO₃ L⁻¹). The second phase consisted in static toxicity experiments from both origin treatments with five different nominal concentrations (0, 22, 45, 90 and 180 mg NH₄NO₃ L⁻¹). Results showed that tadpoles that had experienced a previous sublethal exposure showed a negative effect on survival (57% of reduction in the LC₅₀ value) and total length, throughout an increase in their sensitivity. These results could help us to understand the situation of amphibian populations inhabiting aquatic ecosystems exposed to discontinuous and variable pulses of pollutants.     

Assessment of risk to humans of bisphenol A in marine and freshwater fish from Pearl River Delta, China

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production-volume chemical used in the manufacture of a wide variety of consumer products. However it is also a ubiquitous contaminant that can interfere with endocrine systems of wildlife and humans. China is the “world factory” and the Pearl River Delta is the major manufacturing center and is consequently polluted. Concentrations of BPA in meats of marketable fish had not been previously reported for this region. In the study upon which we report here concentrations of BPA were determined in 20 common species of freshwater and marine fish, collected from markets in Hong Kong, SAR, China. A comprehensive analytical method based on SPE extraction and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed, validated and applied. The method limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.5 and 1.25 ng g⁻¹ dw, respectively. BPA was detected in 19 species of fish at concentrations, ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 ng g⁻¹ ww. Average daily BPA intake per person ranged from 1.1 × 10² ng d⁻¹ for marine fish and 2.2 × 10² ng d⁻¹ for freshwater fish. Concentrations of BPA in fish from Hong Kong markets unlikely would be causing adverse population-level effects in humans.     

Effect of pyrene on denitrification activity and abundance and composition of denitrifying community in an agricultural soil

Toxicity of pyrene on the denitrifiers was studied by spiking an agricultural soil with pyrene to a series of concentrations (0-500 mg kg⁻¹) followed by dose-response and dynamic incubation experiments. Results showed a positive correlation between potential denitrification activity and copy numbers of denitrifying functional genes (nirK, nirS and nosZ), and were both negatively correlated with pyrene concentrations. Based on the comparison of EC₅₀ values, denitrifiers harboring nirK, nirS or nosZ gene were more sensitive than denitrification activity, and denitrifiers harboring nirS gene were more sensitive than that harboring nirK or nosZ genes. Seven days after spiking with EC₅₀ concentration of pyrene, denitrifiers diversity decreased and community composition changed in comparison with the control. Phylogenetic analyses of three genes showed that the addition of pyrene increased the proportion of Bradyrhizobiaceae, Rhodospirillales, Burkholderiales and Pseudomonadales. Some species belonging to these groups were reported to be able to degrade PAHs.