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排序方式: 共有233条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
191.
Lera S Macchia S Dentone L Pellegrini D 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,136(1-3):121-127
The aim of this work was to monitor the sensitivity of two populations of Corophium orientale (Crustacea: Amphipoda) living at the outfall of two rivers (Magra and Serchio), comparing their responses towards two different
toxicant solutions. Sensitivity was monthly checked performing the 96h-LC50 static water only test with Cd(NO3)2 and SDS. If no significant differences were found between the two populations, they could have been employed without distinction
to perform sediment toxicity bioassays. As regard to Cd, an increasing in LC50 values from summer to winter was evident in each population (Serchio River: August 2003 = 1,36 mg/l, February 2004 = 7,23 mg/l;
Magra River: August = 1,21 mg/l, April = 5,01 mg/l). This pattern was correlated to the droop of temperatures in winter
period. The responses of the two populations towards the cadmium were compared using the ANOVA. The analysis showed any significant
differences between the populations (p = 0.12). The pattern of sensitivity towards SDS for the population living on Magra River was similar to the same pattern
found for Cd; as regard to the population living on Serchio River, data were not enough to describe the annual pattern. Anyway,
statistical analysis was performed and no significant differences were found between the two populations (p = 0.34). 相似文献
192.
Shizuka S. Shida Satoru Nemoto Rieko Matsuda 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):151-162
A sensitive and efficient method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 73 multi-class acidic pesticides, such as phenoxy acid and sulfonylurea herbicides, in vegetables and fruits. The sample preparation procedure was carefully optimized for the efficient removal of co-extracted matrix components. The method involves extraction of acidic pesticides with acetonitrile containing hydrochloric acid, removal of water from crude extract by salting out, and sequential cleanup by octadecylsilyl silica gel and silica gel columns. For samples containing high amounts of pigments, such as spinach, additional cleanup using a graphitized carbon column was performed prior to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis. Recovery tests were performed for five times for each sample of cabbage, spinach, potato, eggplant, orange, and apple fortified at 0.01 mg kg?1. Out of the 73 tested pesticides, 70 for cabbage, 67 for spinach, 69 for potato, 67 for eggplant, 64 for orange, and 70 for apple were within the range of 70–120%, with relative standard deviations below 25%. Nitenpyram and pyrasulfotole showed low recoveries for all the samples tested, probably due to low recoveries from silica gel column. The developed method effectively removed co-extracted matrix components and was highly selective, with no interfering peaks found in the chromatograms of blank samples. The overall results indicate that the developed method is suitable for the quantitative analysis of acidic pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits. 相似文献
193.
Karina M. Tonon Geovana D. Savi 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(10):685-691
ABSTRACTAn analytical method based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was validated and applied for the analysis of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), ochratoxin A (OTA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in infant formula and milk-based products for young children commercialized in Brazil. A total of 38 samples were evaluated, including 12 infant formula, 14 follow-on formula and 12 samples of milk-based products. AFM1 was detected in 12 (32%) samples, and seven (18%) samples contained AFM1 levels above the method limit of quantification in a concentration range between 0.013 and 0.067 ng mL?1 (0.026 ± 0.019). Two samples of milk-based products exceeded the maximum level (ML) fixed by the European Union for AFM1 in baby foods, however, all samples were in agreement with the levels established by the Brazilian regulation. OTA and DON were not detected in any of the analyzed samples. 相似文献
194.
Keisuke Nakamura Takamitsu Otake Nobuyasu Hanari 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):640-646
AbstractA pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method was presented for the determination of six neonicotinoid pesticides, acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam in green onion. The critical parameters of PLE, e.g. extraction solvent, temperature, pressure, number of cycles, and static extraction time, were optimized by test on the spiked green onion with six neonicotinoids and the incurred green onion applied with four commercial neonicotinoid insecticide formulations (acetamiprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam). As a result, the recoveries of six neonicotinoids obtained by one cycle PLE with acetonitrile at 140?°C and 50?bar for 10?min were 94.7–99.5%. These results were acceptable according to the validation guideline for testing method of agricultural chemicals in food by Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare in Japan. PLE was also validated by the test on the incurred green onion. The analytical values of four neonicotinoids obtained by PLE were good agreement with those obtained by solid–liquid extraction with homogenizer, which is employed for Japanese official method for the analysis of pesticide residues in food (the ratios of analytical values obtained by PLE to those obtained by solid–liquid extraction were 99.7–101.2%). These results indicate that PLE is applicable for the determination of neonicotinoids in green onion. 相似文献
195.
196.
Pamela Brunswick Graham van Aggelen Craig Buday Marcus Kim 《Environmental Forensics》2015,16(4):333-343
A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the determination of trace dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS) concentrations in seawater samples has been established. The method is well suited to aquatic environment impact monitoring following application of the dispersant Corexit EC9500A. Linearity of the method was demonstrated down to 0.05 ng/mL?1 (0.05 µgL?1) DOSS in seawater, with a 2.4% relative standard deviation precision for preparation replicates. A US EPA method limit of detection of <0.02 ng/mL?1 (<0.02 µgL?1) was calculated and specificity was confirmed by monitoring of two qualifier ions at 291.1 m/z and 227.1 m/z. These transitions were confirmed by QToF analysis to be associated with the DOSS precursor ion at 421.2 m/z. For application to seawater samples and samples containing oil particulates, a practical and repeatable calibration range of 0.5 ng/mL?1 (0.5 µgL?1) to 25.0 ng/mL?1 (25.0 µgL?1) DOSS is reported. The method was shown to have excellent precision and accuracy, with a consistent ≤1.6% relative standard deviation for system suitability standards at 0.5 ng/mL?1 (0.5 µgL?1) and linear weighted (1/x) regression coefficients of determination ≥0.995. The surfactant nature of the analyte is discussed in relation to detection limit and loss of analyte. Speculation of a relationship between DOSS in association or aggregation with divalent cations, such as Ca2+ present in salt water and hard water, is suggested. The consequent effects on cell ionic balance and membrane function are discussed. 相似文献
197.
以两组典型毒性数据为例,综合比较了5种常见概率单位模型计算程序在EC50估算上的差异,并在此基础上比较了3种不同置信区间的估算方法.在对照组受抑制率为零时,5种方法的参数估算结果一致;当对照组受抑制率不为零时,将对照组数据纳入整个计算过程的方法可以给出可靠的参数估算结果.3种不同置信区间估算方法的比较表明:在毒性数据分布对称性良好的情况下,基于Delta函数与Fieller定理的方法给出的结果相近,但后者可以在更广泛的情况下给出置信区间;相比而言,基于bootstrap重抽样的非参数方法获得的置信区间较窄,表现出更好的灵敏度. 相似文献
198.
不同油类对虾蟹类幼体的胁迫效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
了解不同油类对虾蟹类幼体的急性毒性效应。曝油处理采用磁力搅拌器搅拌,一定时间的超声波乳化等操作,模拟溢油在海洋中风浪、涡动、湍流的乳化过程;设置阶梯浓度组,并在多个平行组急性试验的基础上,估算出8种油品对2种虾类和2种蟹类的半致死质量浓度LC50和安全质量浓度MPC,并运用程序编制溢油质量浓度与虾蟹类死亡率相关性的估算模型。经过分析,结果得到:各MPC值参差不齐,差距较大;燃料油普遍比原油的毒性效应大;相同生长阶段,蟹类比虾类抗油毒害性强、中国明对虾Fenneropenaeus chinensis比日本囊对虾Marsupenaeus japonicus抗油毒害性强、锯缘青蟹Scylla serrata比三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatu抗油毒害性强。编制的溢油质量浓度与死亡率相关性的评估模型,简易方便直观,为渔业污染事故理赔提供了一定的参考价值,亦为海域的生态经济学评估提供了一种新的研究方法。 相似文献
199.
研究了不同浓度异噻唑啉酮类化合物BIT(1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮)及其类似物X(N-丙酰基-1,2-苯并异噻唑啉酮-3-酮)对三角褐指藻生长的抑制效应.根据藻细胞生长、比生长速率、藻细胞密度比、藻细胞内色素含量变化结果表明,在实验所设定的浓度(0~3mg/L)范围内,BIT和X在高浓度下对三角褐指藻生长均具有一定的抑制效应,增加细胞生长的延滞期,但在低浓度下不明显,BIT的抑制效应优于X,但BIT和X的这种抑制作用均会随着处理时间的延长而减弱,藻细胞逐渐恢复快速增殖.根据Logistic曲线方程拟合获得的BIT和X对藻的96h半效应质量浓度(EC50)分别为1.95mg/L(R2=0.988, P=0.0013)和3.26mg/L(R2=0.908, P=0.0279),EC50值的大小进一步说明BIT比X对三角褐指藻的抑制作用强. 相似文献
200.