景观多样性及其保护对策

景观多样性是生物多样性的重要组成，具有十分重要的自然历史，生态，社会和文化价值。人类活动的强烈干扰，对景观多样性产生了严重的威胁，一些有较高价值的景观正濒于退化，消失，保护景观多样性已成为环境保护的紧迫任务。     

景观生态学在生态环境影响评价中的应用——重庆二郎科技园区生态环境影响探讨

采用生态环境影响评价中的景观生态学方法 ,结合景观生态学的评价要求 ,从景观空间结构、恢复能力、内在异质性、绿色拼块之间的连通程度以及组织开放性等方面 ,对重庆市二郎科技园区规划的景观生态作出评价和预测 ,提出园区生态建设应注意的问题和采取的措施 ,以推动二郎科技园区的生态建设和经济、社会的可持续发展。     

区域开发生态影响评价方法及应用

建立一套系统的区域生态影响评价方法，对于区域环评和环境的可持续发展具有重要的意义。以济南舜湖社区区域开发为例，建立和应用由生态指标法、图形叠图法、景观生态学方法构成的方法体系，对舜湖社区区域开发生态环境影响进行了评价，并提出生态保护和建设的具体措施。结果表明，3者构成的方法体系，能较全面的反映生态环境质量现状，预测生态环境影响，有较为广泛的应用前景。     

北京市妫水河流域景观生态学分析

基于GIS的空间分析平台,以景观生态学的方法建模,分析了北京市妫水河流域的景观格局特征,并与妫水河平原的景观格局特征进行了比较,发现在妫水河平原范围内,由于人为干扰程度的加剧,整体生态格局的异质性下降、碎裂化增加,景观生态格局的稳定性和安全性比之妫水河流域有所下降.分析了妫水河流域面临的问题及其原因,进而提出妫水河流域生态恢复的建议和措施.     

试论我国风景资源的保护

风景资源是一种不可再生的资源,一旦毁损,无法弥补。随着旅游业的发展,风景资源面临着污染、破坏和衰竭的局面,针对这种现状,本文提出了保护对策。     

Diversity of cereal aphid parasitoids in simple and complex landscapes

Structurally complex landscapes may enhance local species richness and interactions, which is possibly due to a higher species pool in complex landscapes. This hypothesis was tested using cereal aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae) by comparing 12 winter wheat fields in structurally complex landscapes (>50% semi-natural habitats; n = 6) and structurally simple landscapes dominated by agricultural lands (>80% arable land; n = 6). Surprisingly, landscape structural complexity had no effect on aphid parasitoid species diversity. In complex landscapes 12 and in simple landscapes 11 species were found; 9 species occurred in both landscape types. Hence, arable fields in high-intensity agricultural landscapes with little non-crop area can support a similar diversity of cereal aphid parasitoids as structurally complex landscapes. This finding suggests that cereal aphid parasitoids may find necessary resources even in simple landscapes, making generalisations concerning the relationship between landscape composition and biodiversity in arable fields difficult.     

The effect of patch constellation on the exchange of individuals between habitat-islands

Metapopulation models assume that inter-patch dispersal dominantly depends on distance between patches and the dispersal capability of organisms in question. We used a spatially explicit, individual-based model to investigate the potential effect of patch constellation on the exchange of individuals between patches. We simulated migration of individuals from a start- into a target-patch with both patches having the same size and shape. Simulation experiments were carried out for four patch constellations and two different movement patterns. Our results demonstrate a substantial effect of patch constellation on the exchange of individuals. They also show that the magnitude and even the direction of this effect crucially depends on their movement pattern. We conclude that particularly for highly correlated movement patterns patch shape and constellation can not readily be ignored when modelling inter-patch dispersal between habitat-islands.     

Modeling joint production of wildlife and timber

Production of marketed commodities and protection of natural systems often conflict. A focus on only one goal can result in large losses in other goals and may result in inefficient and unsustainable outcomes. In this paper, we develop a method that combines economic and ecological models in a dynamic and spatial analysis to evaluate land use decisions and find cost-effective alternatives for which it is not possible to do better on one objective without harming another objective. The method is demonstrated using timber production and species conservation on a forested landscape over a 100-year planning horizon. Current land use strategies are simulated and compared with cost-effective alternatives. The approach is compared to a static reserve approach, similar to previous studies, and found to produce substantially more efficient management strategies for the case study landscape.     

Interpreting major industrial landscapes: Social follow-up on meanings, the case of two aluminium smelters, Alcan (Alma, Canada) and Pechiney (Dunkirk, France)

Landscape is becoming an object of growing social concern and, as such, an object of mediation between major industrial producers and local communities. The question of the capacity of environmental assessment to address this issue is thus raised. Until now, landscape studies have focused on visual aspects, although subjective dimensions such as perceptions and meanings have been recognised. The research in this article concerns the subjective dimensions, and is presented with a view to further the understanding of the process of the social interpretation of landscape as it relates to heavy industrial sites. Within a socioconstructivist perspective, two case studies (a longitudinal follow-up and an ex-post) of two aluminum smelters, one in Alma (Quebec, Canada) and the other in Dunkirk (France) were conducted. The results show that nearby residents' interpretations of landscape varied according to three sets of factors related to 1) the dynamics of regional development and the historical place of industry in the community, 2) the relationship between residents and the industry and local governance capacities, and 3) the social impacts experienced. To conclude, three ways of using qualitative methodologies for social and environmental follow-up in a socioconstructivist approach to landscape are proposed.     

景观健康及其评价初探

生态系统健康是环保领域新兴的、正崭露头角的科学，将生态系统健康科学应用于景观评价是基于人类管理景观严重受到威胁和趋于退化的现实。在论述景观健康概念及其特征的基础上，探讨对景观健康进行整体评价的方法和指标。