改性天然植物胶对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能研究

以自制的重金属捕集剂MPC对Cu2+离子进行吸附实验,取得了良好的效果,并对吸附过程的动力学和热力学进行初步探讨。实验还表明,MPC可以实现洗脱再生和重复利用。MPC是由废弃植物渣皮中提取天然植物胶通过系列化学反应改性而成,实现了资源的综合利用,具有经济和环境的双重效益。     

Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance of Pb（Ⅱ）-imprinted polymer in nano-TiO2 matrix

Surface ion-imprinted in combination with sol-gel process was applied to synthesis a new Pb(II)-imprinted polymer for selective separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The prepared material was characterized by using the infrared spectra, X-ray di ractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The batch experiments were conducted to study the optimal adsorption condition of adsorption trace Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer. The equilibrium was achieved in approximately 4.0 h, and the experimental kinetic data were fitted the pseudo second-order model better. The maximum adsorption capacity was 22.7 mg/g, and the Langmuir equation fitted the adsorption isotherm data. The results of selectivity experiment showed that selectively adsorbed rate of Pb(II) on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was higher than all other studied ions. Desorption conditions of the adsorbed Pb(II) from the Pb(II)-imprinted polymer were also studied in batch experiments. The prepared Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was shown to be promising for the separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from water samples. The adsorption and desorption mechanisms were proposed.     

Evaluation of phosphorus removal from wastewater by soils in rural areas in China

Low-cost, easy-maintenance and high-e ciency decentralized wastewater treatment technologies are urgently needed in rural areas of China. Processes with high potential for phosphorus removal are of great interest. However, commonly used treatment methods often do not meet the strict criteria for removing phosphorus from rural wastewater. In order to search an economic and simple technology for phosphorus removal from the common bio-technologies e uent, seven soil types collected from di erent rural areas in China were investigated for their ability to remove phosphorus. X-ray di raction (XRD) was used to analyse the mineral structure, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to analyse the geochemical composition of the soil samples. Three primary minerals – quartz, albite and montmorillonite – were clearly detected. The samples were divided into two soil types, acidic soils and alkaline soils, based on their pH values. The geochemical composition study indicated that a higher percentage of Ca and Mg occurred in alkaline soils (pH > 8) than in acidic soils (pH < 6.5). Adsorption isotherms from batch experiments fitted the Langmuir and Freundlich models well, the maximum P adsorption capacities ranged from 0.256 to 1.598 mg P/g, indicating a high phosphorus removal potential for all of these soils. The P fractions extracted revealed that the sum of NaOH-extracted inorganic P (NaOH-Pi) was the major P component in the acidic soils, and CaCO3-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) in the alkaline soils. Dynamic adsorption simulation showed that these soils have the ability to remove phosphorus from wastewater.     

改性龙须眼子菜吸附水溶液中Cu2+的性能

采用批式实验法对改性龙须眼子菜吸附溶液中Cu2+的吸附动力学过程及吸附平衡进行了研究,考察了溶液初始pH值、吸附剂用量、温度等对改性龙须眼子莱吸附Cu2+的影响.结果表明,吸附动力学过程可以用准二级动力学方程进行拟合,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型而不符合Freundlich模型.吸附实验的优化条件为:溶液初始pH值为4.0～5.6,溶液初始Cu2+浓度与吸附剂用量比值为10～25 mg·g-1,吸附时间为30～45 min,吸附温度为20-30℃.龙须眼子菜经甲醇改性后对Cu2+的吸附性能有了很大程度的提高;在改性龙须眼子菜吸附Cu2+的过程中,存在离子交换作用,但不占主导地位;改性龙须眼子菜吸附Cu2+主要依靠醇、酚类中的O-H基团,酰胺类中的C=O、N-H与C-N基团,砜类中的S=O基团与Cu2+的配位作用.     

给水厂铝污泥特性分析及吸附氮磷性能试验

对典型给水厂铝污泥的元素组成及含量、比表面积和孔径结构、结构基团等特性进行了系统分析。利用静态试验对其吸附水溶液中氨氮和磷酸盐的性能进行考察,确定了其吸附等温线、吸附速率模型及参数。分析表明:铝污泥中铝、铁、硅等元素含量较多,污泥本身以无定形的非晶体物质为主,具有较大的比表面积和发达的孔隙结构,孔径处于介孔范围,红外光谱分析表明铝污泥中含有大量的铝羟基络合物(Al—OH)和Si—O—Si键。铝污泥对磷和氨氮的吸附等温线可分别用Langmuir和Freundlich等温式描述,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型,铝污泥对氨氮的吸附存在快速吸附后并解吸至稳定的现象。     

有机物料对石灰性土壤磷素形态转化及吸附特性的影响研究

利用石灰性土壤,对猪粪(DR)、夏玉米秸秆(MR)和冬小麦秸秆(WR)单施或者与磷肥混施(在等磷量条件下)对土壤磷的吸附特性及其形态转化进行了为期15周的室内模拟培养研究.结果表明,无论是DR、MR和WR单施,还是有机物料与磷肥混施,都可以减少土壤对磷的吸附量,增加土壤磷的活性,其中有机物料单施处理的用NaHCO3或者NaOH提取的活性无机磷(Pi)和有机磷(Po)提高较大,顺序为:猪粪>夏玉米秸秆>冬小麦秸秆.夏玉米秸秆处理与对照(CK)相比NaHCO3提取的Pi、Po增加的量分别为6 0mg·kg-1,5 6mg·kg-1,NaOH提取的Po增加的量为12 7mg·kg-1,而猪粪处理与CK相比NaHCO3提取的Pi、Po增加的量分别为7 1mg·kg-1,5 4mg·kg-1,NaOH提取的Po增加的量为14 1mg·kg-1.通过Langmuir方程求得磷的最大吸附量(b)、磷吸附结合能常数(k)、磷素最大缓冲量(MPBC)、标准需磷量(SPR)的值,进一步说明了3种有机物料均可使土壤对磷的吸附能力降低,增加土壤中磷的活性.     

好氧颗粒污泥对酸性红B的生物吸附模型研究

考察了灭活好氧颗粒污泥吸附酸性红B的吸附等温线、吸附动力学和热力学.结果表明,Langmuir和Redlich-Peterson比Freudlich吸附等温线更符合试验数据,20 ℃时Langmuir最大单分子层吸附量为123.46 mg/g.吸附动力学符合准2级动力学模型.灭活AGS内部扩散过程用Webber-Morris模型拟合,结果表明颗粒内部扩散过程是限速步骤,但边界层扩散和动力学阻力亦不能忽略.热力学分析表明,吸附过程是吸热且自发的过程.     

Reuse of heavy metal-accumulating Cynondon dactylon in remediation of water contaminated by heavy metals

Phytoremediation technology is regarded as a simple and efficient way to remove heavy metals from contaminated soil. A reasonable disposal of metal hyperaccumulators is always and resource-saving. The a major issue in waste reuse heavy metal-accumulating Cynondon dactylon （L.） was investigated where heavy metals were desorbed by a facile acid-treatment. The result indicated that more than 90% of heavy metals （Zn, Pb and Cu） was extracted from Cynondon daetylon with 0.2 mmol· L^-1 HCl. The plant residue was used to adsorb heavy metals ions. The adsorption fitted the Langmuir isotherm model with the saturation adsorption capacity of 9.5 mg·g^-1 Zn^2＋, 36.2 mg·g^-1 Pb2＋ and 12.9 mg·g^-1 Cu^2＋, and the surface eomplexation and the backfilling of heavy metal imprinting cavities existed simultaneously during the adsorption. The treatment of wastewaters indicated that the plant residue exhibited a high removal rate of 97% for Cu. Also, the material could be recycled. The method offers a new disposal approach for heavy metal hyperaccumulator.     

污泥基活性炭去除水中重金属离子效能与动力学研究

以城市污泥为主要原料制备了污泥基活性炭(SAC),考察了其对重金属离子的吸附去除效能和吸附动力学规律.并选择了2种商品活性炭(煤质炭,MAC和椰壳炭,YAC)作为对比,以初始浓度为50mg/L的Cu(II),Pb(II),Cd(II),Cr(VI)4种重金属离子为去除对象,分别进行了3种活性炭的表面理化性质分析及其对4种重金属离子的吸附试验.结果表明,SAC的比表面积和微孔容积仅为YAC和MAC的1/3~1/2,吸附速率也相对较慢,但其对Cu(II),Pb(II),Cr(VI),Cd(II)的平衡吸附量却远大于2种商品活性炭,分别为9.9,8.9,8.2,5.4mg/g,说明SAC表面的高酸性基团含量对重金属离子的吸附起到了关键作用;Langmuir与Freundlich吸附等温模型均能较好地拟合SAC对Cu(II)和Pb(II)的吸附,SAC对Cr(VI)的吸附过程更符合Langmuir模型,而SAC对于Cd(II)的吸附过程用Langmuir与Freundlich两个模型均不能较好地拟合,说明SAC表面缺少能够与Cd(II)发生反应的结合位点.     

秸秆-污泥复合基活性炭的制备及其对1,2,4-酸氧体的吸附特性

以污水处理厂剩余污泥与芦苇秸秆为原料,采用化学活化和高温热解的方法制备了秸秆-污泥复合基活性炭,研究了其各项性质及对1,2-重氮氧基萘-4-磺酸(1,2,4-酸氧体)的吸附性能.结果显示,当污泥与秸秆的质量比为4∶1时,经0.5 mol.L-1的KOH活化并且600℃高温炭化后,复合基活性炭的比表面积和含碳量分别为558.1 m.2g-1和58.9%,比污泥基活性炭提高了9.2%和4.6%,掺杂秸秆能有效提高污泥制备活性炭的比表面积和含碳量;扫描电镜观察显示,复合基活性炭表面呈多孔状.热分析研究发现复合基活性炭前躯体的高温热解过程主要伴随低温区域的脱水以及高温区域的造孔,其800℃热解时的烧失率为43%;N2吸附脱附曲线表明添加秸秆有利于增加活性炭微孔及中孔数量;在25℃下对酸氧体的吸附等温线结果显示,经秸秆掺杂的复合基活性炭其吸附性能明显提高,最大吸附量为56.4 mg.g-1,而同等条件下污泥基活性炭的最大吸附量仅为20.4 mg.g-1,表明复合基活性炭对该染料具有较好的吸附性能.从而本研究也为更好地实现污泥的资源化利用提供了一条有效途径.