炼油厂IGCC电站NOx排放控制技术比较与工程实践

针对IGCC电站烟气排放ρ（NO_x）不达标的问题,分别采用燃气轮机注氮脱硝和余热锅炉（余热蒸汽发生器,HRSG ）SCR脱硝技术降低烟气的NO_x排放量。介绍了两种技术的原理,比较了两种技术的脱硝效果、运行成本及技术特点。实际运行结果表明：安装了注氮设备的燃气轮机可以控制排气的ρ（NO_x）小于90 mg/m³,但每年的运行成本较高（达2 250万元）;在余热锅炉中安装SCR脱硝设备,性能测试数据符合设计要求,SCR出口ρ（NO_x）小于50 mg/m³,且每年的运行成本较低,仅为422万元。     

玻璃纤维编织管动态膜生物反应器处理沼渣废液

一种新型的玻璃纤维编织管动态膜生物反应器应用于高黏度、高氨氮和高COD的沼渣废液的处理。该玻璃纤维编织管经过了固化和覆膜的组合改性,膜组件采用平板化的栅式构型。研究表明:组合改性方式分别为1∶4+1∶50和1∶2+1∶50时的膜组件的稳定通量分别为5.45 L/(m2.h)和6.50 L/(m2.h);同时膜组件的清洗效果良好,再次运行仍能够稳定,通量为5.35 L/(m2.h)。而且出水比较澄清,没有臭味,养分也得到了有效保留。此外,改性后的玻纤编织管估算价格约为93.2元/m2,低于传统有机膜。     

Model of stomatal ammonia compensation point (STAMP) in relation to the plant nitrogen and carbon metabolisms and environmental conditions

Agricultural crops can be either a source or a sink of ammonia (NH₃). Most NH₃ exchange models developed so far do not account for the plants nitrogen (N) metabolism and use prescribed compensation points. We present here a leaf-scale simplified NH₃ stomatal compensation point model related to the plants N and carbon (C) metabolisms, for C₃ plants. Five compartments are considered: xylem, cytoplasm, apoplasm, vacuole and sub-stomatal cavity. The main processes accounted for are the transport of ammonium (NH₄⁺), NH₃ and nitrate (NO₃⁻) between the different compartments, NH₄⁺ production through photorespiration and NO₃⁻ reduction, NH₄⁺ assimilation, chemical and thermodynamic equilibriums in all the compartments, and stomatal transfer of NH₃.The simulated compensation point is sensitive to paramaters related to the apoplastic compartment: pH, volume and active transport rate. Determining factors are leaf temperature, stomatal conductance and NH₄⁺ flux to the leaf. Atmospheric NH₃ concentration seem to have very little effect on the compensation point in conditions of high N fertilization. Comparison of model outputs to experimental results show that the model underestimates the NH₃ compensation point for high N fertilization and that a better parametrisation of sensitive parameters especially active trasport rate of NH₄⁺ may be required.     

汞矿区大气汞的流通量与汞干湿沉降研究

应用ＦｌｕｘＣｈａｍｂｅｒ技术评价汞矿,矿渣及附近土壤表面汞的流通量,表明,土壤表面汞的流通量平均为１７３．５ｎｇ．ｈ＾－１．ｍ＾－２,矿均为２３６．６ｎｇ．ｈ＾－１．ｍ＾－２,原矿平均为７０ｎｇ．ｈ＾－１．ｍ＾－２。     

循环流化床排烟脱硫模型

以微元分析为基础并建立数据模型,分析了床内气、液相温度的变化对液滴 蒸发和对就内传热质过程的影响以及床内气、液相温度沿床高的变化趋势,并且模拟了排烟循环流化床脱硫过程,对钙硫摩尔比Ｃａ／Ｓ,入口烟气温度Ｔｇ,雾化半径ｒ０等参数对脱硫率的影响进行了分析。并与实验结果进行了比较,在下硫比等于１．４,床内温度接近露点温度的情况下,脱硫效率可以达到９６％以上,计算结果与实验结果符合很好。     

Land-Use Change and Carbon Flux Between 1970s and 1990s in Central Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico

6 tons C were released to the atmosphere during the period of time covered by our study, equal to approximately 34% of the 1975 vegetation C pool. The Chiapas highlands, while comprising just 0.3% of Mexico's surface area, contributed 3% of the net national C emissions.     

Divergent effects of climate change on the egg-laying opportunity of species in cold and warm regions

Climate warming can substantially impact embryonic development and juvenile growth in oviparous species. Estimating the overall impacts of climate warming on oviparous reproduction is difficult because egg-laying events happen throughout the reproductive season. Successful egg laying requires the completion of embryonic development as well as hatching timing conducive to offspring survival and energy accumulation. We propose a new metric—egg-laying opportunity (EO)—to estimate the annual hours during which a clutch of freshly laid eggs yields surviving offspring that store sufficient energy for overwintering. We estimated the EO within the distribution of a model species, Sceloporus undulatus, under recent climate condition and a climate-warming scenario by combining microclimate data, developmental functions, and biophysical models. We predicted that EO will decline as the climate warms at 74.8% of 11,407 sites. Decreasing hatching success and offspring energy accounted for more lost EO hours (72.6% and 72.9%) than the occurrence of offspring heat stress (59.9%). Nesting deeper (at a depth of 12 cm) may be a more effective behavioral adjustment for retaining EO than using shadier (50% shade) nests because the former fully mitigated the decline of EO under the considered warming scenario at more sites (66.1%) than the latter (28.3%). We advocate for the use of EO in predicting the impacts of climate warming on oviparous animals because it encapsulates the integrative impacts of climate warming on all stages of reproductive life history.     

水喷淋作用下建筑构件实际耐火性能的概率分布特性研究

采用确定性研究和随机性研究相结合的方法,利用防火安全策略的“等价性”概念对水喷淋作用下的建筑构件实际耐火性能的概率分布特性进行了研究。水喷淋系统会影响实际火灾热环境中的热释放速率,从喷水密度的概率分布出发,可以推导出建筑构件耐火当量时间的正态分布函数。     

化学品反应危险性分级方法研究与应用

针对化学品反应危险性的评价,介绍利用最大分解热,反应放热功率,绝热反应参数等方法对化学品反应危险性进行分级的几种方法及各自特点。通过分析整合不同分级方法,提出一种基于实测反应放热参数的分级方法,此方法以初始放热温度和反应热组成指标体系,同时配合燃爆曲线实现对化学品反应危险性的分级,得到的结果对于化学品的安全评价有较强的参考价值。考察了6种有机过氧化物的放热性质,诠释了有机过氧化物的反应危险性,应用所提出的反应危险性分级方法对其进行分级,并对分级方法进行了验证。该方法结合了实验结果和多种分级方法的优点,使化学品反应危险性分级方法具有更强的实用性。     

保暖鞋鞋底保暖结构研究

本文结合鞋靴保暖功效学原理,重点研究了支撑式鞋垫和橡胶双密度胶底结构。通过实验确定了鞋底发泡层视密度的范围在0.75g/cm3～0.85g/cm3之间,发泡橡胶的拉伸和导热性能达到平衡,兼顾了保暖鞋的耐穿和防寒隔热性能。