聚酰胺复合纳滤膜的制备及除盐研究

以聚砜超滤膜为支撑膜,分别采用1,6-己二胺、邻苯二胺和哌嗪为水相功能单体,均苯三甲酰氯（TMC）为油相功能单体,通过界面聚合法制备了纳滤膜。通过过膜试验,比较了三种配方制得纳滤膜的水通量和脱盐效率;并对纳滤膜功能层聚哌嗪均苯三甲酰胺进行深入研究,探讨了哌嗪与TMC界面聚合反应的最佳胺氯比。实验结果表明,哌嗪与TMC界面聚合反应制得的纳滤膜性能优于其他两种配方,并且当两者的胺氯比约为10∶1时,所制得的复合膜具有最佳脱盐效果。     

热联合在塔西南化肥厂节能降耗的应用

通过优化塔西南化肥厂合成氨装置的蒸汽系统和电力工程部的锅炉运行模式,新增外购4.2MPa蒸汽用量,在实现快装锅炉停运的同时送出富余的1.6MPa蒸汽,达到能源梯级循环利用,从而为自身装置和厂际间共同实现节能降耗进行了有益探索,并取得可观的经济效益和社会效益。     

气凝胶消防服概念研究

对现役消防服的隔热材质和使用性能,以及气凝胶作为新型纳米隔热材料在服装方面的应用现状进行了分析。根据初步对比讨论了SiO2气凝胶复合材料用于消防服的可行性,得出以下结论：在同样的热防护性能前提下,采用SiO2气凝胶复合材料可使消防服重量及厚度降低70％以上。     

高温作业人员的防护措施

正常气温对人体是必需的、有益的。高温则会引起中暑。当环境受热明显超过散热时,机体则会出现热蓄积;当热蓄积超过了体温调节能力,则出现过热、中暑,甚至死亡。本文从佩戴个体防护用品、技术措施等角度,提出了预防高温作业人员受到职业危害的具体措施。     

珠江三角洲四种森林类型土壤CO_2通量特征研究

采用开路式土壤CO2通量测量系统Li-8100＆Li-8150对珠江三角洲地区尾叶桉（Eucalyptus urophylla）人工林、乡土树种恢复林、针阔叶混交林和常绿阔叶林4种林型的土壤CO2通量进行了观测。结果表明：4种森林类型年均土壤CO2通量为尾叶桉人工林（3.35μmol.m-2.s-1）〉针阔叶混交林（2.66μmol.m-2.s-1）〉乡土树种恢复林（2.09μmol.m-2.s-1）〉常绿阔叶林（1.86μmol.m-2.s-1）;旱季土壤CO2通量明显小于雨季。前3种森林类型凋落物呼吸处理表明,旱季对照组土壤CO2通量均小于相应的去除凋落物组、雨季则相反,全年的对比结果显示,3种森林类型的凋落物呼吸贡献分别达到1.3%、7.1%和10.8%。土壤CO2通量与10 cm土壤温度呈显著指数相关,且土壤CO2通量温度敏感指数表现为针阔叶混交林Q10最大（3.49）,尾叶桉人工林Q10最小（1.95）。     

城市绿地降温效应研究进展与展望

全球变暖已是不争的事实,而且不可能完全被阻止。城市绿地作为城市结构中的自然生产力主体,在缓解城市热岛、调节城市气候和协助城市应对未来气候变化中扮演着极其重要的角色。如何优化城市绿地空间布局,从而实现城市绿地降温效应的最大化,更有效地应对城市气候变化,已经成为城市绿地布局规划与研究的热点与难点问题。论文从城市绿地降温效应实地观测、城市尺度城市绿地与城市热岛关系、城市绿地降温效应模型模拟和城市绿地降温效应的心理和社会意义4个角度,对国内外相关研究进行了评述,并在此基础上总结了目前城市绿地降温效应研究存在的主要问题,进而提出了该领域未来研究的方向,以期为深入研究城市绿地的降温效应、更好地规划和设计绿地提供重要的借鉴和参考。     

热活化对海泡石处理模拟含油废水性能的影响

以海泡石粉末为原料,对其进行热活化处理,考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、吸附剂用量、废水初始pH、温度等对模拟含油废水COD去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:经400℃热活化后,海泡石的比表面积由247.797 m2/g增加至305.849 m2/g,热活化海泡石对模拟含油废水中COD的吸附等温式符合Freundlich方程。     

中国炭黑工业大气污染控制

本文研究我国目前炭黑工业大气污染控制技术的状况及特点。近十年来，我国炭黑工业大气污染控制技术有了长足的进展，选择合理的工艺过程，采用袋滤器高效净化炭黑烟气，成功地开发了炭黑工业气体余热的回收及利用。为此，我国炭黑工业大气污染控制技术，实现了炭黑微粒和可燃气态污染物的高效净化，炭黑工业气体余热绝大部分得到了回收及利用，余热利用率达６０％以上。我国炭黑工业一跃成为低能耗、有效能高效利用，大气污染物高效净化的清洁生产的化工厂，和生产热力及电力的能源部门。     

Hydrochemistry and dissolved nutrient flux of two small catchment rivers, south-western India

This paper deals with the water chemistry and dissolved nutrient flux of two small mountainous and heavily dammed rivers—Periyar and Chalakudy—of Kerala on the south-west coast of India. The lower reaches of these rivers are affected by sea-water ingression from the Arabian Sea during the non-monsoon season. Human interference through agriculture, urbanization, and industrialization in the lower and middle stretches of the river basins induces marked concentration variations in the hydro-chemical parameters. Except for N & P, all other chemical constituents exhibit high values during the non-monsoon season. Industrial contaminants in specific locations of the Periyar river reduce the pH to lower levels. Nutrients in the two rivers reveal marked seasonal and regional concentration variations. During the monsoon season, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) predominates over dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), but the reverse trend is observed during the non-monsoon season. The Periyar river shows higher average concentrations of DIN (monsoon 801 μg l^-1 and non-monsoon 292 μg l^-1) than Chalakudy river (monsoon 478 μg l^-1 and non-monsoon 130 μg l^-1). Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) has lower average values in the monsoon season (Periyar river, 38 μg l^-1; Chalakudy river, 42 μg l^-1) than dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) values (Periyar river, 107 μg l^-1; Chalakudy, 62 μg l^-1). The rivers show a marked difference in nutrient flux due to its difference in water discharge/basin characteristics and point/non-point sources of contaminants. The flux rates of DIN, DIP, and DOP during the monsoon are higher than during the non-monsoon season, while those of dissolved silicon (DSi), dissolved Fe (DFe), and DON are lower. On average, the Periyar river discharges 4953 t y^-1 of DIN and 1626 t y^-1 of DON to the coastal waters, and the corres-ponding values of the Chalakudy river are 772 t y^-1 and 596 t y^-1. The Periyar and Chalakudy rivers discharge 245 t y^-1 and 70.8 t y^-1 of DIP, respectively. The total flux of DOP is considerably higher (Periyar river 703 t y^-1 and Chalakudy river 101 t y^-1). The discharge of DSi into the Periyar river (40 193 t y^-1) is nearly five times higher than that in the Chalakudy river (8275 t y^-1). The discharges of DFe through the Periyar and Chalakudy rivers are 257 t y^-1 and 36.7 t y^-1, respectively. To sum up, this study addresses the water quality and nutrient flux of two tropical rivers and discusses the impact of urbanization and industrialization on river-water quality.