实施《全国生态环境建设规划》的基本思路

良好的生态环境是可持续发展的重要前提条件,为了实施好《全国生态环境建设规划》,本文从组织层面、管理层面、法规层面,提出了实施的基本措施     

Integrated Aquaculture in Subsaharan Africa

An incremental, farmer participatory approach to the development of sustainable aquaculture in integrated farming systems has been tested in Malawi. Average fish production rose from 900 to approximately 1500 kg ha^-1 as farms achieved increasing levels of integration. Integrated farms produce almost six times the cash generated by the typical Malawian smallholder. The integrated pond-vegetable garden generates almost three times the annual net income from the staple maize crop and the homestead combined. The ecological footprint of integrated aquaculture is approximately 4 m² per kg of fish produced compared to 170 m² for more intensive systems. The incremental approach offers the possibility of fostering substantial improvement in rural livelihoods among African smallholding farmers.     

长江洪涝灾害的可持续发展综合防御对策体系

洪涝灾害严重制约了长江流域可持续发展, 本文分析了洪涝灾害的主要成因, 从合理协调人口——资源环境——社会经济三者之间深层次关系出发, 建立了长江洪涝灾害的可持续发展综合防御对策体系     

An evaluation of public participation information for land use decisions: public comment,surveys, and participatory mapping

ABSTRACT

Public participation in the form of public meetings and written submissions has been criticised as a democratic ritual that fails to give citizens a real voice in government decisions. Participatory mapping and community surveys are alternative public participation (PP) methods that can augment legally required processes for land use planning. To date, there has been little evaluation research comparing the information content generated by required PP processes and alternative PP sources with respect to local land use decisions. Using multiple development projects from a case study community, we analysed and compared information generated from three different sources of public participation: (1) formal public comment (written submissions), (2) responses to community survey questions, and (3) land use preferences generated from participatory mapping. We found public comment strongly supported development while results from survey questions and participatory mapping methods revealed community ambivalence. The differences in public opinion are attributed to two key factors: the representativeness of participants in the PP process and the specific methods used for measuring public opinion. Community surveys and participatory mapping generated more accurate and representative community information compared to the formal PP process which was characterised by lower participation and vulnerability to special interest manipulation. For local government decision makers, the political risk of broadening PP information appears high relative to the risk of inaccurately assessing public opinion thus limiting adoption of alternative PP methods such as participatory mapping.     

可持续发展—通向未来的新发展观：兼论《中国21世纪议程》的特点

本文从不同属性对可持续发展作了较全面的介绍,并对布氏可持续发展定义进行了详细评述。突出而较系统的论述了《中国21世纪议程》的战略意义和特点。     

Sustainable Tourism and the Touristic Ecological Footprint

There is growing interest in ecological footprint analysis in aiding our understanding of societal demands upon the biosphere. Increasingly, attention is being focused on potential new applications of the technique. Tourism is one of the world's largest industries and can play a major part in encouraging more consumerist lifestyles. It is now widely accepted that tourism development may have profound impacts on local environments, and that, consequently, the sustainable development of tourism at destination areas is an important issue. However, sustainable tourism studies rarely look beyond the destination area, and there has been no substantive recognition of the wider ecological footprint of tourism activities. This paper attempts to connect, conceptually, the realms of sustainable tourism and ecological footprint thinking. In so doing, various conceptualisations of the 'touristic ecological footprint' (TEF) are suggested, along with some potential applications. It is argued that primary research should focus on calculating the touristic ecological footprint associated with individual tourism products, throughout the product's life-cycle. As well as bringing another dimension to our understanding of tourism's actual ecological demand, it is also argued that the concept of the touristic ecological footprint may be used to clarify theoretical aspects of the sustainable tourism debate, helping to rejuvenate this debate in the process.     

我国废钢铁资源的可持续利用政策

本文概述了我国废钢铁资源回收利用的现状以及钢铁工业对废钢铁资源的需求现状，用三种不同的模型预测了未来钢铁工业的发展对废钢铁资源的需求，提出了废钢铁资源可持续利用存在的问题和政策建议。     

常熟市农业资源的开发潜力与对策

该文就常熟市农业资源的实际出发,从改造中低产田、开发长江滩地、复耕零星废弃地、利用庭园空间、立体利用水面、开发杂草资源、加工植物蛋白饲料及发展棉田套作等8个方面的途径,评价了农业开发潜力,说明在经济发达地区的农业开发是大有可为的。文章提出了相应的实施对策。     

论工业企业生态规划与区域可持续发展

早在19世纪，生态学家就提出了生态规划的思想，20世纪60年代以后，随着环境问题的加剧和环境运动的发展，生态规划受到发达国家的高度重视。利用生态规划的理论对工业企业进行科学的规划不仅是环境保护的客观要求，也是企业自身生存发展的现实需要。要促进工业企业与所在区域环境的和谐、持续与发展，需要树立现代生态观念，综合考虑人与自然的关系，制定并实施生态规划。     

以人为本的城市安全发展观探讨

随着城市化的进程加速 ,我国城市规划建设存在着民房拆迁安置、农民失地就业、环境严重污染、防洪防灾能力薄弱等诸多问题 ,且片面追求建设速度 ,片面强调降低建筑成本 ,不顾损坏资源环境和超过群众承受能力 ,而背离了社会效益、企业利益和个人权益多赢的以人为本的城市安全发展。笔者提出了城市安全发展观的内涵、重要意义及其实现途径 ,愿与同行共酌探讨。