武汉市一组复合氧化塘藻类与某些生态因子的相关性研究

报道了从1988年3月至1989年12月对武汉市墨水湖地区一组复合氧化塘中藻类总细胞数(ACN)、叶绿素a(chl·a)与水温、透明度、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、总溶解磷(TDP)、溶解磷(DP)、非溶解磷即总磷与总溶解磷之差值(TP-TDP)等的相关性及ACN与chl·a的相关性的研究结果,并讨论了这些相互关系对氧化塘处理效果、氧化塘水质变化的指示意义.     

Decolourization of reactive brilliant blue KN-R by immobilized cells of Aspergillus ficuum

Aspergillus ficuum was immobilized with sodium alginate,and decolourization of Brilliant Blue NK-R was studied on immobilized and free Aspergillus ficuum.The optimal preparation condition of the strain immobilization was obtained by the orthogonal test,it is sodium alginate 3%,CaCl2 5%,wet mycelia 30g/L,calcific time 8h.It was found that the immobilized cells could effectively decolourize Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R,the optimum temperature and pH were 33℃ and 5.0,respectively.The kinetics study of decolourization of immobilized eclls showed that the decolourization of Aspergillus ficuum immobilized conformed to zero-order reaction model.The decolourization efficiency of immobilized cell compared with that of free cell in different physical conditions.Results showed that the decolourization of immobilized cells with mycelia had the best efficiency.The immobilized cells could be reused after the first decolourization.     

“三合一”微生物燃料电池的产电特性研究

为了降低内阻,尽可能提高微生物燃料电池的输出功率,提出了一种将阳极、质子交换膜和阴极热压在一起的"三合一"膜电极形式的微生物燃料电池,并考察了其在接种厌氧污泥条件下对乙酸自配水的产电特性.该"三合一"电池在稳定运行条件下电池内阻约为10～30Ω,远低于现已报道的其它形式的微生物燃料电池的内阻.目前该"三合一"型微生物燃料电池最大输出功率密度约300 mW·m-2,库仑效率约50%.试验结果表明,在一个间歇运行周期中,电池内阻增加是引起输出电压降低的最主要原因.同时在不同的外阻条件下,需要降低极化的重点不同.     

阳宗海中光合细菌对活性艳红X-3B脱色的研究

从高原湖泊阳宗海中分离筛选出功能优秀的6株光合细菌，用海藻酸钠进行包埋。探讨了其自然细胞和固定化细胞在不同时间、不同温度、不同pH、不同菌体数量和不同染料浓度条件下对活性艳红X-3B的脱色效果。实验结果表明，2种细胞的最佳脱色时间为24h，最佳温度为25～45℃，最适pH为6～9，在最佳脱色条件下固定化细胞的脱色能力比自然细胞显著。     

Mosaicism or pseudomosaicism: The problem of hypermodal cells in amniotic fluid cell culture

A series of 2029 consecutive amniotic fluid specimens studied for prenatal genetic diagnosis were reviewed and reassessed so as to evaluate the frequency and clinical significance of hypermodal cells in amniotic fluid cell cultures. Hypermodal cells were defined as those with more than 46 chromosomes, and were characterized by an additional structurally normal or structurally abnormal chromosome. Of 2029 specimens, 47 (2.31 per cent) contained a total of 167 hypermodal cells. True fetal mosaicism was detected in three cases (0.14 per cent). All had hypermodal cells in more than one culture flask or colony which contained the same aberrant chromosome complement. In all but one case the babies were normal when only one cell was hypermodal, or when several cells were hypermodal but present in only one colony or one culture vessel. One case had an extra No. 20 chromosome in one cell. Although the child had multiple anomalies, they were not characteristic of trisomy 20, and subsequent chromosomal study on the baby postnatally revealed a 46,XX karyotype. The in situ coverslip technique is recommended as the preferred method for prenatal diagnosis, and it is useful as an aid in differentiating true mosaicism from pseudomosaicism.     

固定化细胞厌氧－好氧工艺处理四环素结晶母液的实验研究

用ＰＶＡ固定化球和厌氧－好氧ＩＭＣ技术处理四环素结晶母液，结果表明：当总停留时间为厌氧２４ｈ（３５℃），好氧６ｈ时，ＣＯＤ和四环素的去除率分别为９６％。容积负荷（ＣＯＤ）２．０７ｋｇ／（ｍ３．ｄ）。较普通法容积负荷提高１６．３％，产气量提高４．５７倍。此方法具有系统运行稳定，容积负荷高，产泥量少等优点。     

SO2体内衍生物对人血红细胞的氧化损伤及其防护

为了探讨二氧化硫(SO2)对哺乳类细胞的毒性作用及其防护.以SO2体内衍生物-亚硫酸盐和亚硫酸氢盐(分子比为3∶1)及抗坏血酸(维生素C,Vc)单独或同时处理人血红细胞,并测定红细胞过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及脂质过氧化(LPO)水平.结果表明,SO2体内衍生物单独处理后,CAT和SOD活性均显著甚至极显著降低,而LPO水平均极显著升高.Vc单独处理后,CAT及SOD活性均有所升高,但差异不显著;而LPO水平除Vc为0.05 mmol·L-1剂量组外,其余各组均极显著降低.0.1 mmol·L-1Vc和不同剂量SO2衍生物共同处理后,Vc使各组CAT、SOD活性均有升高,且Vc也降低了SO2衍生物引起的人血红细胞LPO水平.由此认为,SO2体内衍生物可以使人血红细胞中CAT和SOD的活性降低、LPO水平增高,Vc可起到一定防护作用.     

The role of glomalin, a protein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, in sequestering potentially toxic elements

Naturally occurring soil organic compounds stabilize potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as Cu, Cd, Pb, and Mn. The hypothesis of this work was that an insoluble glycoprotein, glomalin, produced in copious amounts on hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) sequesters PTEs. Glomalin can be extracted from laboratory cultures of AMF and from soils. Three different experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 showed that glomalin extracted from two polluted soils contained 1.6-4.3 mg Cu, 0.02-0.08 mg Cd, and 0.62-1.12 mg Pb/g glomalin. Experiment 2 showed that glomalin from hyphae of an isolate of Gigaspora rosea sequestered up to 28 mg Cu/g in vitro. Experiment 3 tested in vivo differences in Cu sequestration by Cu-tolerant and non-tolerant isolates of Glomus mosseae colonizing sorghum. Plants were fed with nutrient solution containing 0.5, 10 or 20 microM of Cu. Although no differences between isolates were detected, mean values for the 20 microM Cu level were 1.6, 0.4, and 0.3 mg Cu/g for glomalin extracted from hyphae, from sand after removal of hyphae and from hyphae attached to roots, respectively. Glomalin should be considered for biostabilization leading to remediation of polluted soils.     

铜暴露下赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia foetida）活体基因的损伤研究

通过碱性单细胞凝胶电泳法研究了Cu2+暴露剂量对赤子爱胜蚓(Eiseniafoetida)活体基因损伤的动态影响.结果显示:不添加Cu2+的对照组和添加Cu2+的处理组蚯蚓体腔细胞尾部DNA含量和尾长均呈非正态分布(p<0.05);在暴露72h时,125mg·L-1Cu2+处理组尾部DNA含量值最大,为41.44%,100mg·L-1Cu2+处理组尾长值最大,为33.79μm;随着Cu2+暴露剂量的增加,尾部DNA含量和尾长损伤频率增加;对照组和处理组的尾部DNA含量和尾长之间均存在显著性差异(p<0.05),Spearman非参数相关分析表明,尾部DNA百分含量和尾长之间呈显著相关(p<0.01,n=21),Cu2+暴露浓度与尾部DNA百分含量、尾长具有良好的剂量-构效关系(p<0.01).在125mg·L-1Cu2+浓度下暴露72h时蚯蚓的基因损伤程度达到最大,损伤程度为3级.可见,蚯蚓DNA生物标志物是重金属污染基因毒理诊断的重要指标,碱性SCGE试验是检测Cu2+暴露对赤子爱胜蚓活体基因损伤的有效手段.     

细胞融合高效菌株对氧乐果生产废水中有机磷的去除

两株具有单重抗药性的突变菌株S-8菌株(Str+,Kan-)和K-17菌株(Str-,Kan+),其活性污泥对氧乐果生产废水有机磷的去除率分别达58%和51%,对COD的去除率分别达78%和82%。以S-8菌株和K-17菌株作为亲本菌株进行原生质体融合,其正交试验的优化条件为:PEG浓度40%;促融时间4min;用0.015 mol/LCa2+处理;pH 10.0;添加20μL/ml细胞壁再生引物,融合率达4.617×10-5。用双层药物平板筛选融合细胞,获取了既能降解有机磷又能降低COD值的融合子F2。结果表明,用融合子F2菌株增殖而成的活性污泥对上述氧乐果生产废水有机磷的去除率达78%,COD的去除率达88%。