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771.
采用单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)技术,研究了在不同的染毒时间内不同浓度的五氯酚(PCP)对稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)血细胞和肝脏细胞DNA的损伤.结果显示,各PCP染毒组细胞彗星尾部DNA含量 (%DNAT) 和彗星尾长(TL) 显著增加,与空白对照组比较,差异极显著(P0.926,说明在实验浓度范围内, 存在显著的浓度-效应关系.在同一浓度下,随着暴露时间的增加,处理组%DNAT和TL逐渐增加,存在显著的时间-效应关系.由于PCP可引起稀有鮈鲫血细胞和肝脏细胞DNA的严重损伤,因此稀有鮈鲫血细胞和肝脏细胞DNA的损伤可作为PCP遗传毒性的指示. 相似文献
772.
Jernbro S Rocha PS Keiter S Skutlarek D Färber H Jones PD Giesy JP Hollert H Engwall M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(2):85-87
Background, Aim and Scope
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; C8F17SO3-) is a fully fluorinated organic compound which has been manufactured for decades
and was used widely in industrial and commercial products. The recent toxicological knowledge of PFOS mainly concerns mono-substance
exposures of PFOS to biological systems, leaving the potential interactive effects of PFOS with other compounds as an area
where understanding is significantly lacking. However, a recent study, reported the potential of PFOS to enhance the toxicity
of two compounds by increasing cell membrane permeability. This is of particular concern since PFOS has been reported to be
widely distributed in the environment where contaminants are known to occur in complex mixtures. In this study, PFOS was evaluated
alone and in combination with cyclophosphamide (CPP) to investigate whether a presence of PFOS leads to an increased genotoxic
potential of CPP towards hamster lung V79 cells. Genotoxicity was investigated using the micronucleus (MN) assay according
to the recent draft ISO/DIS 21427-2 method. PFOS alone demonstrated no genotoxicity up to a concentration of 12.5 mg/L. However,
PFOS combined with two different concentrations of CPP, with metabolic activation, caused a significant increase in the number
of micronucleated cells compared to treatments with CPP only. These results provide a first indication that PFOS has the potential
to enhance the genotoxic action of CPP towards V79 cells, suggesting that together with the alterations in cell membrane properties
shown previously, that genotoxicity of complex mixtures may be increased significantly by changes in chemical uptake. Together
with an earlier study performed by the own working group it can be concluded that PFOS alone is not genotoxic in this bioassay
using V79 cells up to 12.5 mg/L, but that further investigations are needed to assess the potential interaction between PFOS
and other substances, in particular regarding the impact of membrane alterations on the uptake of toxic substances.
Materials and Methods:
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Results:
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Discussion:
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Conclusions:
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Recommendations and Perspectives:
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773.
Andrade LS Ruotolo LA Rocha-Filho RC Bocchi N Biaggio SR Iniesta J García-Garcia V Montiel V 《Chemosphere》2007,66(11):2035-2043
The electrochemical performance of pure Ti–Pt/β-PbO2 electrodes, or doped with Fe and F (together or separately), in the oxidation of simulated wastewaters containing the Blue Reactive 19 dye (BR-19), using a filter-press reactor, was investigated and then compared with that of a boron-doped diamond electrode supported on a niobium substrate (Nb/BDD). The electrooxidation of the dye simulated wastewater (volume of 0.1 l, with a BR-19 initial concentration of 25 mg l−1) was carried out under the following conditions: current density of 50 mA cm−2, volume flow rate of 2.4 l h−1, temperature of 25 °C and electrode area of 5 cm2. The performances of the electrodes in the dye decolorization were quite similar, achieving 100% decolorization, and in some cases 90% decolorization was achieved by applying only ca. 0.3 A h l−1 (8 min of electrolysis). The reduction of the simulated wastewater organic load, monitored by its total organic carbon content (TOC), was greater for the Ti–Pt/β-PbO2–Fe,F electrode obtained from an electrodeposition bath containing 1 mM Fe3+ and 30 mM F−. In this case, after 2 h of electrolysis the obtained TOC reduction was 95%, while for the pure β-PbO2 and the Nb/BDD electrodes the reductions were 84% and 82%, respectively. 相似文献
774.
Narita H Abe J Funamizu N Takakuwa T Kunimoto M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,129(1-3):71-77
Bioassay using cultured human cell lines was applied to an effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Sapporo to assess
their toxicity, and in order to investigate the fate of toxicity in the WWTP, bioassay of the water samples from several points
in WWTP (influent, effluent, return flow from thickener, from dewatering process and from incineration process) was performed.
We also applied bioassay to the mixture of the activated sludge from the investigated plant and artificial sewage. These results
showed that the toxicity of the effluent was more intensive than the influent, and organic matter released from activated
sludge bacteria during their decay process contributed to the increase of toxicity in the effluent. 相似文献
775.
固定化工程菌对偶氮染料脱色及强化作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用聚亚胺酯大孔泡沫吸附固定基因工程菌Escherichia coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR),研究其对偶氮染料的脱色动力学及生物强化作用.实验表明,固定的E.coli JM109(pGEX-AZR) 对酸性大红GR的脱色动力学符合Andrews方程,动力学常数为μmax,c、Kc、Kic分别为49 .2 mg·(g·h)-1、710 .43 mg·L-1和681 .62 mg·L-1,R2为0 .995.将固定的E.coli JM109(pGEX-AZR)按10%的比例投加到厌氧序批式活性污泥反应器中连续运行32 d,含有固定化工程菌的强化体系耐浓度冲击的能力和脱色率均高于对照体系,脱色率可以稳定在90%以上.利用RISA对其微生物群落结构进行分析,E.coli JM109(pGEX-AZR)及降解酸性大红GR的优势菌群可以在污泥体系中稳定存在. 相似文献
776.
聚合氯化铝铁的形态分布对微污染源水混凝效果的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对微污染源水中浊度、叶绿素a等的强化去除问题,研究了碱化度、铝铁比和加碱方式等对聚合氯化铝铁形态分布的影响,并考察了形态分布与混凝除污效率和混凝沉淀出水中残铝浓度的关系.结果表明:在铁摩尔分数一定时,混凝剂中单体、中等聚合物和无定形凝胶含量与碱化度存在线性相关性,并推导出中等聚合物含量的计算公式;在碱化度一定时,混凝剂中单体、中等聚合物和无定形凝胶含量与铁摩尔分数也存在线性相关性;增加碱化度或降低铁摩尔分数,可以增加中等聚合物含量、降低单体含量,从而影响混凝除污效率和混凝沉淀后出水中残铝浓度.混凝实验结果表明,混凝过程中叶绿素a去除率和浊度去除率均与混凝剂中中等聚合物含量存在线性相关性,但两者相关系数不同.混凝沉淀后出水中残铝浓度与混凝剂中单体含量存在线性相关性.因此,预聚合的无机高分子混凝剂对提高混凝过程中的除浊、除藻效率,降低混凝沉淀后出水中残铝浓度具有重要的意义. 相似文献
777.
778.
水质生物毒性预警系统建设及在海宁市饮用水源保护中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了基于微生物燃料电池原理的水质生物毒性预警系统,说明了其在海宁市饮用水源保护中的应用。该水质生物毒性预警系统具有可感知毒性物质及有机物质污染、响应迅速、灵敏度高、维护管理容易、管理费用低等特点。 相似文献
779.
780.
植物细胞代谢产物的诱导释放 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
植物细胞培养是植物有用代谢物质的潜在来源.目前植物细胞培养难以工业放大的一个关键问题是生产成本过高.虽然可通过固定化方法实现植物细胞的连续使用,减少由于接种量过高而产生的附加成本,缩短培养周期,但由于许多代谢产物储存于液泡里,释放量很少或根本不释放,限制了固定化技术在工业上的应用,同时也增加了后期产物分离的操作,因此很多研究者在致力于研究如何诱导细胞次级代谢产物的释放.本文将从以下4个方面的研究进展做一评述.1 培养条件的调控1.1 pH值改变培养基的酸度对代谢物的分泌很重要.研究表明,一些次级代谢物是与H 通过… 相似文献