CREAM失误概率预测法在驾驶舱机组判断与决策过程中的应用

CREAM强调人在生产活动中的绩效输出不是孤立的随机性行为,而是依赖于人完成任务时所处的环境或工作条件,它通过影响人的认知控制模式和其在不同认知活动中的效应,最终决定人的响应行为。在驾驶舱内,机组的绩效输出不仅仅是人的自身行为,还依赖于其完成任务时所处的情景环境,所以CREAM方法能够结合驾驶舱环境对机组的认知差错进行分析。在飞行中,驾驶舱内机组非常重要的一个环节是判断与决策过程,这一过程中包括询问、讨论、确定方案、执行、反馈五个环节。本文将通过分析这五个环节的相互关系及影响,以明确这种讨论过程是减少机组人为差错发生的一种有益方式,然后应用CREAM的预测法对这五个环节进行定量化分析,得出机组判断与决策过程的失误概率,完成对机组认知行为的客观评价,并为以后能够定量化研究驾驶舱内飞行员认知差错提供方法的借鉴。     

植物镉耐性/富集基因的筛选方法

植物耐受/富集镉（Cd）是一个复杂的过程,涉及转运蛋白家族、螯合蛋白家族、抗氧化系统等多个方面的参与。文章综述了植物Cd耐性/富集基因的筛选方法,包括抗性表达文库、Cd抗性突变体的图位克隆、基因差异表达、电子克隆。筛选Cd抗性植物cDNA酵母表达文库可鉴定与金属束缚、隔离及外排相关的膜转运蛋白;筛选重金属敏感拟南芥突变体和图位克隆突变基因可鉴定与谷胱甘肽和植物螯合肽合成相关的酶;第二代测序技术、基因差异表达分析则是鉴定Cd响应基因以及揭示金属型植物与非耐性植物表型差异分子基础的有效方法;电子克隆也被应用在模式植物中鉴定重金属转运蛋白家族的编码基因。在此基础上,简述了Cd耐性/富集基因在改良植物Cd耐性或富集上的应用。     

蜂窝状Ce/Cr掺杂Cu基催化剂用于乙烷的催化燃烧

以蜂窝堇青石陶瓷为载体,采用浸渍法负载氧化铝涂层和活性组分,制备了蜂窝状Ce/Cr掺杂Cu基催化剂。运用BET,XRD,XPS,H₂-TPR技术对催化剂进行了表征,并对其乙烷催化燃烧活性进行了评价。表征结果显示,Ce/Cr掺杂提高了催化剂表面化学吸附氧的含量,提升了催化剂在较低温度下的氧化还原性能。实验结果表明：在入口乙烷质量浓度2 000 mg/m³、反应空速20 000 h^-1的条件下,Cu-Ce催化剂较Cu催化剂的T₅₀和T₉₀（乙烷转化率为50%和90%时的反应温度）分别降低了46 ℃和101 ℃,降幅高于Cu-Cr催化剂的38 ℃和78 ℃;较高反应空速（30 000 h^-1）对催化反应不利,乙烷浓度对催化剂活性的影响不明显;550 ℃下Cu-Ce催化剂对乙烷的转化率100 h内保持在99%以上,表现出良好的稳定性。     

基于ANP-DEA的城轨网络应急演练组合评价模型

应急演练综合评价是衡量应急演练效果好坏的关键。以城轨网络应急演练综合评价为研究对象,将城轨网络应急演练划分为演练准备、演练实施、演练总结三个阶段。针对评价指标间存在的关联关系,采用网络层次分析法(ANP)进行定量化处理,计算得到各评价指标综合权重,进而得到三个演练阶段的重要度。利用数据包络分析方法(DEA),分别计算三个阶段不同城轨线路应急演练的排序值,结合不同阶段的重要度,构建得到城轨网络应急演练的组合评价模型,实现对城轨网络应急演练效果的综合评价。结合算例,应用ANP-DEA组合模型,对某城轨网络的应急演练效果进行了综合评价。     

芳纶1313纤维的特点及其在个体防护服装领域的应用

对芳纶1313纤维的发展历程、性能特点、生产加工、产品应用等各个方面进行了详细的阐述。芳纶1313纤维是一种性能优异的阻燃耐热纤维,在安全生产领域有着广阔的应用前景。自问世以来历经半个多世纪的发展,其在安全生产领域的应用价值已经得到广泛的认可。由于芳纶1313纤维具备一系列的突出优点,同时也存在某些缺陷,因此建议扬长避短,充分发挥这种纤维的种种优点,同时通过纤维改性、改进和优化生产工艺等方法,充分发挥其在安全生产领域的应用,使之产生应有的社会效益和经济效益。     

基于GA-ELM的冲击地压危险性预测研究

为提高冲击地压预测的效率和准确率,在分析冲击地压影响因素的基础上,提出了一种将遗传算法(GA)与极限学习机(ELM)相结合的冲击地压预测的新方法。为了避免ELM受输入权值矩阵和隐含层偏差随机性的影响,算法采用GA对ELM的输入权值矩阵和隐含层偏差进行优化,建立GA-ELM冲击地压预测模型。利用某矿冲击地压统计数据对该模型进行了实例分析,将ELM、SVM和BP算法预测结果与该模型进行了对比分析。结果表明:GA-ELM模型具有较高的预测精度,可以相对准确、有效地对冲击地压发生的可能性进行预测。     

基于DEA和Malmquist指数的煤矿安全投入效率评价

为了系统的评价煤矿安全投入效率,采用DEA（数据包络分析）方法,选取我国1991~2010年煤矿安全投入产出数据构建DEA模型,其中煤矿安全投入指标为采煤机械化程度、工程技术人员百分比、颁布煤矿安全法规数和行业标准,产出指标为煤矿百万吨死亡率。根据构建的DEA模型对每年的效率进行分析和评价,并提出建议。同时运用Malmquist指数（全要素生产力指数）对煤矿安全投入效率进行分解研究。研究结果表明,从静态上看,我国仅有1993年和2010年当年的煤矿安全投入和产出都达到了最优状态,并且随着煤矿安全投入逐年增加,煤矿安全投入技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率逐年提升。从动态上看,我国煤矿安全投入Malmquist指数的提高对技术的依赖很明显,无论是技术进步还是技术效率的提高都会相应的提高Malmquist指数。     

Responses of bacterial strains isolated from drinking water environments to N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones and their analogs during biofilm formation

Often as a result ofbiofilm formation, drinking water distribution systems （DWDS） are regularly faced with the problem of microbial contamination. Quorum sensing （QS） systems play a marked role in the regulation of microbial biofilm formation; thus, inhibition of QS systems may provide a promising approach to biofilm formation control in DWDS. In the present study, 22 bacterial strains were isolated from drinking water-related environments. The following properties of the strains were investigated： bacterial biofilm formation capacity, QS signal molecule N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones （AHLs） production ability, and responses to AHLs and AHL analogs, 3-chloro-4-（dichloromethyl）-5-hydroxy-2（5H）- furanone （MX） and 2（5H）-furanone. Four AHLs were added to developed biofilms at dosages ranging from 0.1 nmol.L J to 100nmol.L1. As a result, the biofilm growth of more than 1/4 of the isolates, which included AHL producers and non-producers, were significantly promoted. Further, the biofilm biomasses were closely associated with respective AHLs concentrations. These results provided evidence to support the idea that AHLs play a definitive role in biofilm formation in many of the studied bacteria. Meanwhile, two AHLs analogs demon- strated unexpectedly minimal negative effects on biofilm formation. This suggested that, in order to find an applicable QS inhibition approach for biofilm control in DWDS, the testing and analysis of more analogs is needed.     

MiRNA-451 is a potential biomarker for estrogenicity in mouse uterus

The uterotrophic assay has been commonly used to test environmental estrogens in vivo, however, it is often not sensitive enough sometimes. An alternative way is to evaluate estrogenicity through biomarker genes. MicroRNA （miRNA） is a class of regulatory gene, which has been shown to be a good biomarker for many diseases and toxicological effects in recent years, and some evidences showed that estrogen induced response was partially mediated by miRNAs. In this study, two types of microarrays were used to test the 17[3-estradiol （E2） induced miRNA expression profile at different time points in the immature mouse uterus. Statistical analysis showed the aldehyde slide based array had less variation than the amino slide based array, and 11 dysregulated miRNAs were screened out for significant fold change. Real-time PCR was performed to further confirm that 4 out of 7 selected miRNAs, namely miR-451, miR-155, miR-335- 5p, and miR-365, are E2 regulated miRNAs in the uterus. The function of the predicted targets of these miRNAs is involved in cell grow control, which is consistent with the main E2 function in the uterus. MiR-451 had similar strong responses to E2 in the uterus of both immature and overiectomized mice, and could be a potential biomarker for estrogenicity in the uterus.     

Investigation on sampling artifacts of particle associated PAHs using ozone denuder systems

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are complex organic compounds which are identified as significant carcinogenic to human health. PAHs （mainly in particle phase） are susceptible to atmospheric oxidant gases, especially ozone, nitrogen oxides （NOx）, hydroxyl radical （OH）, and could be degraded on filters during sampling process, leading to an underestimation of ambient PAH concentrations. The goal of this work was to investigate particle associated PAHs sampling artifacts caused by ozone in summer of Beijing. Comparative sampling systems were operated simultaneously during the whole campaign, one with activated carbon ozone denuder, the other being set as conventional sampling system. Activated carbon denuder was testified to be highly efficient to eliminate ozone from air stream. In general, nine particle-bound PAHs observed from conventional sampler were all lower than those from ozone denuder system. The total PAHs （particle phase） concentration was averagely underestimated by 35.9% in conventional sampling procedure. Benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） had the highest percentage of mass loss. founded to have influences Ambient temperature was on PAHs sampling artifacts. High temperature can increase loss of particle associated PAHs during sampling.