浅谈高等职业教育

高职院校应以就业为导向,以为社会培养技术应用型人才为目标办好高等职业教育。要转变办学思想,树立为社会经济发展培养实用技术型人才的观念,深入社会调查,合理设置专业,变革现有课程、教材;培养“双师型”教师,提高高职院校的教学质量,突出实践能力的培养,以确保学生毕业后能够顺利走向工作岗位,提高学生就业率。     

如何提高产品的三防能力

文章介绍了提高产品三防能力的思维方法和一些理念及事例,有助于人们在工作中避免出现大的三防问题。     

电子产品环境试验能力数据库的开发

本文概述了一套电子产品环境试验能力数据库的开发情况。该数据库收集和整理了目前国内电子产品环境试验能力的各种信息,并在计算机技术的基础上,于服务方与客户方之间建立了一种长期以及动态的网络数据共享关系。     

产品的二次筛选试验影响分析

通过某种产品的二次筛选试验前后的参数数据分析,从一个侧面分析了二次筛选试验对产品造成的影响,定量地表征了影响的程度,为以后的二次筛选乃至一次筛选对产品寿命影响的全面分析奠定基础。     

NaCl盐度波动对处于污泥膨胀的耐盐脱氮污泥沉降性能的影响

以处于污泥膨胀的耐盐脱氮污泥为研究对象,分别采用有效容积为2和240 L的SBR装置(编号1#和2#),在进水NH3-N浓度为40~100 mg/L,pH为7.45~8.0,溶解氧为3~5 mg/L,温度为28~30℃的条件下,分别研究不同NaCl盐度(0、10、20和30 g/L)对污泥沉降性的影响。实验结果表明,在NaCl盐度条件下,可以明显改善耐盐脱氮污泥的沉降性。NaCl盐度越高,污泥絮凝体体积减小、丝状菌及原生动物减少趋势越明显,污泥沉降性效果越好。在30 g/L盐度时,1#和2#SBR的SV30分别从95%和80%降至53%和30%,SVI分别从185.5和170.8 mL/g降至127.3和78.4 mL/g。     

NaCl盐度波动对处于污泥膨胀的耐盐脱氮污泥沉降性能的影响

以处于污泥膨胀的耐盐脱氮污泥为研究对象,分别采用有效容积为2和240L的SBR装置（编号1#和2#）,在进水NH3-N浓度为40—100mg／L,pH为7．45～8．0,溶解氧为3～5mg／L,温度为28～30℃的条件下,分别研究不同NaCl盐度（0、10、20和30g／L）对污泥沉降性的影响。实验结果表明,在NaCl盐度条件下,可以明显改善耐盐脱氮污泥的沉降性。NaCl盐度越高,污泥絮凝体体积减小、丝状菌及原生动物减少趋势越明显,污泥沉降性效果越好。在30g／L盐度时,1#和2#SBR的SV30分别从95％和80％降至53％和30％,SVI分别从185．5和170．8mL／g降至127．3和78．4mL／g。     

Experimental investigation of the effect of sediment transport patterns on the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles

The mechanism of flow turbulence, sediment supply conditions, and sediment transport patterns that affect the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles in natural waters are experimentally simulated and studied in this study both in batch reactors and in a turbulence simulation tank. By changing the agitation conditions, the sediment transport in batch reactors can be categorized into bottom sediment-dominated sediment and suspended sediment-dominated sediment. It is found that the adsorption rate of bottom sediment is much less than that of suspended sediment, but the sediment transport pattern does not affect the final (equilibrium) concentration of dissolved cadmium. This result indicates that the parameters of an adsorption isotherm are the same regardless of the sediment transport pattern. In the turbulence simulation tank, the turbulence is generated by harmonic grid-stirred motions, and the turbulence intensity is quantified in terms of eddy diffusivity, which is equal to 9.84F(F is the harmonic vibration frequency) and is comparable to natural surface water conditions.When the turbulence intensity of flow is low and sediment particles stay as bottom sediment, the adsorption rate is significantly low, and the adsorption quantity compared with that of suspended sediment is negligible in the 6 h duration of the experiment. This result greatly favors the simplification of the numerical modeling of heavy metal pollutant transformation in natural rivers. When the turbulence intensity is high but bottom sediment persists, the rate and extent of descent of the dissolved cadmium concentration in the tank noticeably increase, and the time that is required to reach adsorption equilibrium also increases considerably due to the continuous exchange that occurs between the suspended sediment and the bottom sediment.A comparison of the results of the experiments in the batch reactor and those in the turbulence simulation tank reveals that the adsorption ability of the sediment, and in particular the adsorption rate, is greatly over-estimated in the batch reactor.     

巢湖流域水环境治理回顾及治理对策研究

巢湖是中国重点治理的"三湖"之一.自"九五"以来巢湖流域的治理已投入大量资金,采取了污染源控制、基础设施建设等多种工程措施,但水质呈现轻度富营养化状态.通过对巢湖流域污染治理历程及措施的梳理可见,虽然治理措施侧重点已发生变化,但仍存在生态建设、管理能力建设投资不足等问题.巢湖流域水环境治理应从增强全流域统筹调控、加大流域生态修复力度和能力建设力度等方面着力改善,才能应对流域水环境保护的严峻压力.     

秦岭不同海拔土壤团聚体稳定性及其与土壤酶活性的耦合关系

为探究土壤团聚体稳定性在海拔上的变化规律及其影响因子,在太白山选取3个不同海拔的0~10 cm表层土壤为对象,测定并分析其土壤团聚体分布、土壤理化性质、微生物量和胞外酶等相关因子的变化特征.结果表明：①土壤团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）在锐齿栎林、辽东栎林和红桦林这3个海拔梯度上的值分别为2.17 mm、1.83 mm和1.82 mm;几何平均直径（GMD）分别为1.66 mm、1.39 mm和1.32 mm,表明土壤团聚体稳定性随海拔的上升而减弱;②土壤团聚体稳定性在海拔上的变化主要受到了土壤胞外酶活性的影响,其中,中团聚体的乙酰氨基葡萄糖酶（NAG）和微团聚体的β-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）是主要影响因子;③微生物通过调节胞外酶的相对产量和改变元素利用效率使高海拔的N限制状况得以改善,也会影响土壤团聚体稳定性在海拔上的变化.本研究结果对于太白山森林生态系统的土壤质量评价和生态环境的保护具有重要意义.     

中部地区二级环境监测站应急监测能力优化

以宜昌市环保监测站应急监测工作为例,对目前中部地区二级环境监测站应急监测能力存在的不足进行了评析,提出了建立应急监测专门机构、完善应急监测机构体系和网络、建立应急监测信息库和提高应急监测实战能力等具有针对性的优化应急监测能力建设的方案,旨在尽快提高中部地区二级环境监测站应急监测水平。