经济快速增长地区污水排放特征案例分析

以深圳为例，探索经济快速增长地区污水排放特征，重点关注不同组合 企业污水排放与区域整体排污特征的响应关系“特征企业组合”，可以作为衡量区域整体排污特征的特征指标。     

含氯漂白废水在厌氧过程中脱氯机理的研究

厌氧法能有效地去除废水中的氯代有机物，通过GC－MS测试漂白废水厌氧处理过程中污染物组分的变化证实了厌氧过程中还原脱氯机制，而废水厌氧过程中产生的硫化物和pH值对厌氧过程中氯代有机物脱氯的影响，则证实厌氧过程中还存在亲核取代和碱性水解非生物脱氯机制。     

基于MBR不同种泥短程硝化启动的微生物群落结构分析

为明确膜生物反应器(MBR)接种不同污泥启动短程硝化前后微生物群落结构变化特征,采用MBR反应器分别接种硝化污泥(R1)、厌氧亚硝化污泥(R2)和1∶1混合接种厌氧亚硝化污泥和反硝化污泥(R3),获取有利于实现快速短程硝化的污泥源.结果表明,结合间歇曝气和缩短水力停留时间(HRT),R1、R2与R3反应器分别耗时46 d、8 d和30 d成功启动短程硝化,R2反应器启动周期最短.稳定运行期内,R1、R2和R3反应器亚硝累积率平均为92%、93%和94%,R3反应器表现出更稳定的短程硝化性能.ACE、Chao、Shannon和Simpson指数结果表明,稳定运行后,R1和R2反应器微生物丰度和多样性水平均大幅低于接种污泥,R3反应器物种丰度略有减少而多样性水平变化不大.短程硝化成功启动后,3个反应器内的主要菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),且主要脱氮功能菌变形菌门丰度相较于接种污泥均有提高.β-变形菌纲为3个反应器短程硝化系统的优势菌群,分别占比59.6%、63.6%和69.3%.R1、R2和R3反应器内的优势菌属均为亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas),所占比例分别达12.8%、20.2%和19.7%.相比R1反应器,R2和R3反应器接种污泥内存在一定比例的亚硝化细菌,更有利于系统短程硝化的实现.     

膜-生物反应器处理高盐废水膜面污染物特性研究

研究MBR在低有机负荷条件下处理高盐废水的膜面污染物特征.结果表明,稳定运行121 d后,MBR对有机物和NH+4-N去除率稳定,出水效果良好;污泥性质发生较大变化,挥发性固体含量(VSS)/固体含量(SS)的下降,污泥体积指数(SVI)下降,表明污泥中无机成分含量增加,絮体更为紧密,沉降性能变好;污泥溶解性微生物产物(SMP)和胞外聚合物(EPS)成分发生较大变化,蛋白质所占比例降低,腐殖酸所占比例增加;扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱仪(SEM-EDX)结果表明膜面存在无机污染物,其主要组成元素为Na、Al、Mg、Ca、K、Fe、Ti、Cr、W、Si和Cl;凝胶过滤色谱(GFC)分析表明,SMP中的大分子有机物被膜截留并累积是形成膜污染的原因之一;傅立叶红外(FTIR)光谱和三维荧光光谱(EEM)分析表明,膜面有机污染物的主要成分为糖类、蛋白质和腐殖酸;膜污染物组分质量分析说明在处理高盐废水时无机膜污染不可忽略.     

MIXING INDUCED BY AN INTERNAL HYDRAULIC JUMP1

ABSTRACT The efficiency of an inverted internal hydraulic jump as a mixing and dispersion mechanism in an aquatic environment was examined. The flow considered was a two-dimensional buoyant flow from a shallow channel over a sloping bottom into a deep reservoir. It could be seen that a rapidly varied flow associated with violent turbulent mixing occurred near the point of discharge if specific discharge conditions and downstream controls were met. Downstream from the mixing zone the flow was stably stratified. The main object of the study was to find the conditions under which a turbulent mixing zone occurred and the rate of turbulent entrainment. Energy loss and length of the mixing zone were also investigated. The independent variables were the outlet densimetric Froude number, the density differential between outfall water and receiving water, the relative depths of the upper and lower layers in the stratified flow portion, the total depth, and the slope of the transition. Theoretical calculations had to be confined to a step increase in depth, but experiments in a laboratory flume showed that results obtained with slopes of 23° and 90° were quite similar. Both theory and experiments showed, for example, that dilution (entrainment rates) up to 2:1 (2 parts heated water to one part cold water) can be achieved at very little energy expense and with downstream depths approximately 8 times the outlet depth. Theoretically, any amount of dilution can be obtained, but large depths may be required. Experimental results also indicate that the length of the mixing zone was frequently ten times the value of the outlet densimetric Froude number.     

酿造废水处理的优化工艺组合

酿造废水属于高浓度有机废水，要将其处理达到排放标准，必须经过多种处理工艺的组合才能办到。通过物化处理、生化处理的实验室研究，我们得出了资源化和净化相结合的优化工艺组合，使酿酒废水的排放达到规定的排放标准，且运行费用和收益基本持平，解决了环保工程与经济效益间的矛盾。     

MBR工艺处理综合医院污水

本文介绍了综合医院污水治理采用的MBR工艺方法.工程核心构筑物——MBR反应器经调试试运行后,达到了预期的安全、高效的设计原则,为我国综合医院污水的治理提供了技术改造要点及可行性经验.     

MBR工艺处理维生素C制药废水的中试实验

主要介绍了某维生素制造企业废水系统运行情况以及MBR改造工艺的启动方法和在不同工艺条件下的运行情况。通过比较2种工艺条件,确定污泥浓度控制在8000mg/L,溶解氧控制在2mg/L,水力停留时间14h,系统对CODCr的平均去除率能达到90·20%,氨氮的平均去除率能达到89·95%。     

Effect of components in activated sludge liquor on membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor

Introduction The membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have shown many advantages over conventional activated sludge processes, which apply membrane modules instead of the secondary settle tank to make a better separation of the solids and liquid and have been grea…     

Heterogeneous alternative catalysts: A bibliometric and systematic evaluation of their application in solar photocatalytic processes

The present study sought to objectively demonstrate how a researcher can, in a structured way, select relevant articles about alternative heterogeneous catalysts in photocatalytic processes. Therefore, the ProKnow-C (Knowledge Development Process – Constructivist) method was used to systematize the results found, with the application bibliometric and systematic analysis techniques for the evaluation of the results. The search string adopted as criteria was: solar photocatalysis AND heterogeneous catalysts OR alternative catalysts AND effluents. The databases were Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus. The final bibliographic portfolio obtained for the research theme was made up of 19 articles. It was possible to verify advances in the number of publications on the theme over the evaluated period, with the Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry standing out in the final portfolio. Evaluating each article in the portfolio individually, it was possible to verify that most studies use combinations of catalysts already reported to create an alternative material to those already investigated in the literature. Those that use waste as catalysts chose to source this material from treatment plants and the steel industry. Around 58% of the papers used hydrogen peroxide in their processes, while 42% chose not to use it. Finally, approximately 63% of the papers in the portfolio used synthetic effluent in their processes, while the rest (37% of the research) chose to use real effluent. The results obtained in this research by applying the method can contribute to studies related to heterogeneous photocatalysis by alternative means over the years.