铁盐絮凝+MBR处理钨冶炼含砷含氨氮废水

选用铁盐絮凝+MBR组合系统对钨冶炼废水进行了实验研究,考察了组合系统对废水中As、COD、NH+4-N和TN的去除效果。结果表明,系统对As、COD、NH+4-N和TN的去除效果较好,去除率分别为97.2%、93.4%、74.0%和52.8%;系统的抗流量冲击能力和抗有机物负荷冲击能力较强。     

IMBR中污泥增殖动力学特征与温度的相关性研究

为研究混合液温度对IMBR污泥增殖动力学特征的影响规律,进行了动态试验,考察了10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃ 6个温度条件下的动力学特征.研究结果表明:本实验条件下,温度对理论产率系数与衰减系数都有显著影响,理论产率系数随温度的升高而降低,理论产率系数与温度符合乘幂关系;得到的衰减系数要高于普通的活性污泥法,衰减系数与温度仍符合关系式Kt= K20(θt)(t-20),求得的温度系数在传统活性污泥法的取值范围之内.     

Spatio-temporal variations in water quality of Nullah Aik-tributary of the river Chenab, Pakistan

This study reports the spatio-temporal changes in water quality of Nullah Aik, tributary of the Chenab River, Pakistan. Stream water samples were collected at seven sampling sites on seasonal basis from September 2004 to April 2006 and were analyzed for 24 water quality parameters. Most significant parameters which contributed in spatio-temporal variations were assessed by statistical techniques such as Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis (HACA), Factor Analysis/Principal Components Analysis (FA/PCA), and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). HACA identified three different classes of sites: Relatively Unimpaired, Impaired and Less Impaired Regions on the basis of similarity among different physicochemical characteristics and pollutant level between the sampling sites. DFA produced the best results for identification of main variables for temporal and spatial analysis and separated eight parameters (DO, hardness, sulphides, K, Fe, Pb, Cr and Zn) that accounted 89.7% of total variations of spatial analysis. Temporal analysis using DFA separated six parameters (E.C., TDS, salinity, hardness, chlorides and Pb) that showed more than 84.6% of total temporal variation. FA/PCA identified six significant factors (sources) which were responsible for major variations in water quality dataset of Nullah Aik. The results signify that parameters identified by statistical analyses were responsible for water quality change and suggest the possibility of industrial, municipal and agricultural runoff, parent rock material contamination. The results suggest dire need for proper management measures to restore the water quality of this tributary for a healthy and promising aquatic ecosystem and also highlights its importance for objective ecological policy and decision making process.     

A／O-MBR工艺处理校园生活污水中水回用工程的设计与运行

针对Et处理量为1500m3的高校中水处理设施,论述了缺氧／好氧-MBR（A／O—MBR）处理工艺运行特性,完成了长效监测及经济性评价。系统MBR池污泥浓度（MLSS）控制在8～12g／L,缺氧池和好氧池水力停留时间（HRT）分别为3h和7h,污泥回流比为200％～300％。当进水COD、总氮、氨氮平均浓度分别为481．3、75．1和65．8mg／L时,出水COD、总氮、氨氮平均浓度分别为16．5、13．4和0．7mg／L,平均去除率分别为96．4％、81．9％和99．0％。在进行化学除磷的情况下,出水总磷的平均浓度为0．8mg／L,平均去除率86．5％。出水水质优于《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》（GB／T18920—2002）中的相应水质指标要求。经济性分析结果显示,该中水站的电耗为0．58kWh／m3。     

超声波-膜生物法联合处理垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液

采用超声波-膜生物法(MBR)联合处理垃圾渗滤液,探讨了超声波辐射时间和MBR的水力负荷对COD、NH3-N和TP去除的影响。结果表明,(1)超声波单独处理时,超声波辐射时间在30～90 s时,COD、NH3-N最大增加率分别34.31%、3.36%,而对TP的去除没有影响;(2)超声波-膜生物(MBR)联合处理时,超声波辐射时间为300 s,MBR的水力负荷为6.4 L/(m2.d)时,COD、NH3-N和TP的最佳去除率分别为92.20%、80.10%和91.12%;MBR的水力负荷为12.8 L/(m2.d),超声波辐射时间在5～20 min时,COD、NH3-N的最佳去除率分别为92.34%、79.93%,TP的浓度低于0.2 mg/L;MBR反应时间为7 h,超声波辐射时间为5～20 min,与未进行超声波辐射处理(超声波辐射时间为0 min)相比,COD、NH3-N的去除率增加了11.37%、15.26%;超声波预处理有助于提高后续MBR对COD、NH3-N的去除作用。     

Validation and use of in vivo solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) for the detection of emerging contaminants in fish

A variety of emerging chemicals of concern are released continuously to surface water through the municipal wastewater effluent discharges. The ability to rapidly determine bioaccumulation of these contaminants in exposed fish without sacrificing the animal (i.e. in vivo) would be of significant advantage to facilitate research, assessment and monitoring of their risk to the environment. In this study, an in vivo solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) approach was developed and applied to the measurement of a variety of emerging contaminants (carbamazepine, naproxen, diclofenac, gemfibrozil, bisphenol A, fluoxetine, ibuprofen and atrazine) in fish. Our results indicated in vivo SPME was a potential alternative extraction technique for quantitative determination of contaminants in lab exposures and as well after exposure to two municipal wastewater effluents (MWWE), with a major advantage over conventional techniques due to its ability to non-lethally sample tissues of living organisms.     

再生水中NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N、NH_4~+-N在粉土介质中迁移转化的研究

通过土柱实验模拟再生水在粉土层下渗过程中NO3--N、NO2--N、NH4+-N的迁移转化规律。结果表明,实验温度为23.2～25.9℃时,土柱内发生反硝化反应,NO3--N的去除率为9.74%～39.16%,反应符合一级反应动力学方程,衰减系数为0.0968～0.5531m-1;实验温度低于19℃时,土柱内反硝化反应消失,说明低温是制约再生水在土柱内发生反硝化作用的主要因素。     

预涂动态膜-生物反应器处理人工废水的试验研究

以公称孔径为1 μm的聚丙烯无纺布(NWF)为基膜,分别以粉末状活性炭、粉末状活性炭及聚合氯化铝为预涂剂,制作预涂动态膜膜组件,组成预涂动态膜-生物反应器处理人工废水.结果表明,预涂动态膜-生物反应器出水COD值低且稳定,粉末状活性炭预涂膜-生物反应器出水COD平均值为49 mg/L,粉末状活性炭及聚合氯化铝预涂膜-生物反应器出水COD平均值为29 mg/L,而NWF-膜生物反应器出水COD为54 mg/L.膜生物反应器对污染物质的去除虽然主要依靠活性污泥混合液,但附着在基膜上的动态膜的吸附、混凝作用也能去除部分污染物质.预涂膜能减少及防止污染物质向膜材料表面和内部扩散,减轻膜污染,使预涂动膜-生物反应器显示出一定的耐污染性能.但粉末状活性炭粒径过小,影响粉末状活性炭预涂动态膜-生物反应器的出水浊度(平均值为3.3 NTU);而粉末状活性炭与聚合氯化铝形成的预涂动态膜,在提高COD去除效率的同时,能减少活性炭对出水浊度(平均值为2.3 NTU)的影响,保证出水水质.     

UASB和MBR组合工艺处理生活垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液

以江苏某处理规模为150 m3/d垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液处理工程为例,介绍了升流式厌氧污泥反应床(UASB)和膜生化反应器(MBR)组合处理工艺在焚烧厂渗滤液处理中的应用情况。工艺首先采用厌氧工艺降低处理水体的有机物负荷,在水体中有机污染物浓度得到一定降低的条件下,采用MBR工艺进一步降低水体中的氨氮和有机污染物浓度。经过处理后,出水CODCr可降低至1 g/L以下,出水氨氮低于25 mg/L。     

The Water Quality of some Tropical Freshwater Bodies in Uyo (Nigeria) Receiving Municipal Effluents, Slaughter-House Washings and Agricultural Land Drainage

The water quality of some tropical fresh-water bodies in Uyo (Nigeria) was investigated for two years in relation to point and non-point source city effluents and slaughter-house washings discharged into them. Streams which received city effluents and slaughter-house washings were degraded in quality with acidic water (pH =5.26±0.83 to 6.20±0.56), low oxygenation (2.46±1.30 to 3.88±0.29 mgl^–1), high biochemical oxygen demand (4.96±0.66 to 8.20±0.82 mgl^–1) and chemical oxygen demand (88.60±3.50 to 146.36±9.86 mgl^–1) than non-effluent receiving streams. High acidity in streams is due mainly to the acidic nature of underground water which replenishes the streams. Nutrient levels were high indicating enrichment from highly fertilized farmlands and slaughter-house washings. The concentrations of most of the hydrochemical variables were significantly lower in non-effluent than effluent-receiving streams. Some of the hydrochemical variables (total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and conductivity) exhibited pronounced seasonality regimes with significant correlations with rainfall indicating its influence on the chemical hydrology of the water bodies. Land use in the catchment influenced water quality through inflow of nutrients, organic and inorganic contaminants and siltation. Pollution in the impacted streams is attributed mainly to episodic events.