2—氨基—5—萘酚—7—磺酸生产废液的资源回用工艺研究

本文应用有机胺的离子缔合萃取作用回收了２－氨基－５－萘酚－７－磺酸生产废液中的９８％以上的有用成分，结果可从号产品吕废液中获取５７２３元的净效益，实现了治理资源回收的双重目的。从萃取体系的特性及其影响因素入手，深入研究了萃取剂浓度，待萃物含量及萃取效率的关系，建立了萃取体系的等温方程：１／Ｘ／Ｍ＝７．１９＋３１２．９１／Ｃ，ｒ＝０．９９９７。     

LaCo0.5Cu0.5O3型钙钛矿活化过一硫酸盐降解AO7

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备LaCo_1-xM_xO₃（M=Cu、Fe、Mn）型钙钛矿并用来活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）降解偶氮染料AO7.选取效果最好的LaCo_0.5Cu_0.5O₃型钙钛矿为研究对象,考察了钙钛矿投加量、PMS浓度、pH和染料废水中常见Cl^-对LaCo_0.5Cu_0.5O₃/PMS体系降解AO7的影响,分析了体系的反应过程并考察了矿化能力.结果表明,LaCo_0.5Cu_0.5O₃可以有效活化PMS降解AO7,反应随着材料投加量和PMS浓度的增加而加快.在中性条件下反应速度最快,过酸过碱均会抑制反应的进行.在优化条件为LaCo_0.5Cu_0.5O₃投加量20mg/L、PMS浓度0.50mmol/L、AO7浓度0.05mmol/L时,AO7可在20min内完全降解.该反应主要发生在材料表面并且主要活性物种为·OH,对AO7具有优异的脱色能力和较好的矿化效果.     

丙酮/氯离子协同活化过一硫酸盐降解酸性橙

采用丙酮/氯离子（Cl^-）协同活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）降解偶氮染料酸性橙7（AO7）.研究发现,与Cl^-/PMS体系相比,丙酮/Cl^-/PMS体系降解AO7的效果显著增强,相应的AO7表观速率常数从0.0767增加到0.1725min^-1.考察了丙酮/Cl^-/PMS体系降解AO7的主要影响因素（初始pH值、Cl^-浓度、PMS浓度、丙酮浓度）.结果表明,在碱性环境下,随着Cl^-、PMS和丙酮浓度的增加,AO7的降解效果有所增强;研究丙酮/Cl^-/PMS体系降解AO7的降解机制.自由基猝灭实验表明,丙酮/Cl^-/PMS体系中没有自由基（硫酸根自由基（SO₄^－·）和羟基自由基（HO·））的产生,而次氯酸根（ClO^-）浓度在反应过程中逐渐增加,得出丙酮作为催化剂促进Cl^-和PMS产生更多HClO的结论.通过紫外可见光谱分析,表明AO7分子中偶氮键及萘环结构均被破坏.     

溶液浓差能驱动的逆电渗析有机废水氧化降解机理研究

将逆电渗析(RED)电极氧化还原反应作用于有机废水降解,可以达到利用低品位热氧化降解有机废水的目的.RED反应器阳极产生氧化反应生成的HClO及阳极表面直接电化学氧化反应对有机废水产生氧化降解作用,阴极发生电芬顿反应生成H_2O_2对有机废水产生氧化降解作用.为了验证溶液浓差能驱动的RED有机废水氧化降解工作机理,通过搭建一个由40对膜电池单元所构成的实验室规模的RED有机废水氧化降解反应器及相应的实验系统,对偶氮染料——酸性橙Ⅱ模拟废水进行氧化降解机理研究.通过3次重复性实验研究发现:在通过正交试验确定的最佳降解条件下,浓度为150 mg·L~(-1)各500 mL的酸性橙Ⅱ模拟废水分别流经RED反应器阴、阳两极,阴、阳极12 min酸性橙Ⅱ平均降解率分别可达90.14%和97.87%,20 min酸性橙Ⅱ平均降解率分别达到97.56%和99.81%.初步研究结果表明,溶液浓差能驱动的RED反应器对难生化降解有机物有较好的降解效果,为后续相关理论和实验研究提供了参考依据.     

Development of activated carbon from Nerium oleander flower and their rapid adsorption of direct and reactive dyes

The present study investigates the thermally activated carbon derived from Nerium oleander flower which was used an adsorbent. Physicochemical properties of Nerium oleander flower carbon (NOFC) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared for the removal of DTB (Direct Turquoise Blue) and RR-HE7B (Reactive red–HE7B) dyes from aqueous solution. Adsorption studies were carried out with different pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and initial concentration dye solution. Optimum conditions for maximum removal of DTB and RR-HE7B was achieved to be pH 2 for both dyes, adsorbent dose of 100 mg and equilibrium time of 35 and 60 min, respectively, for NOFC. The maximum adsorption capacity of NOFC was found to be 33.33 and 19.60 mg g^?1, respectively, for the removal of dye solution. The mechanism of adsorption was studied by using different kinetic models and isotherms. The results clearly showed that the NOFC adsorption was fitted to pseudo–first-order for DTB and pseudo–second-order for RR-HE7B. Equilibrium data were well fitted with both isotherm models. According to the results, NOFC can effectively remove DTB and RR-HE7B from aqueous solutions.     

加热与零价铁活化S2O8^2-氧化降解偶氮染料AO7的研究

以偶氮染料酸性橙AO7为目标污染物,研究了单独的热活化及零价铁（ZVI）活化S2O28-（PS）降解AO7过程温度、PS浓度及ZVI投加量对AO7降解率的影响,并将2种活化方式进行了对比,最终将其联合以期获得最好的降解效果.结果表明,热活化体系对AO7的降解符合一级动力学,其反应速率随温度（室温～90℃）升高而增加,随...     

TCDD对乳腺癌细胞端粒酶活性的影响

探讨了2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-ρ-二噁英(TCDD)在体外对雌激素依赖性乳腺癌细胞MCF-7端粒酶活性的影响.用0.5μmol·L-1的2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-ρ二噁英(TCDD)作用于MCF-7细胞,裂解后提取MCF.7细胞端粒酶.采用BCA方法定量蛋白、重复序列扩增-银染法检测端粒酶活性.结果表明.TCDD作用MCF-7细胞后,细胞端粒酶活性增强,且随作用时间端粒酶活性减弱,但明显高于对照组(P<0.05).结果表明:TCDD有显著增强MCF-7细胞端粒酶活性的作用.     

Combination of adsorption and biodegradation processes for textile e uent treatment using a granular activated carbon-biofilm configured packed column system

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a granular activated carbon-biofilm configured packed column system in the deeolodzation of azo dye Acid Orange 7-containing wastewater.The Acid Orange 7-degrading microbial from anaerobic sequencing batch reactor which treating the azo dye-containing wastewater for more than 200 d was immobilized on spent granular activated carbon(GAC)through attachment.The GAC-biofilm configured packed column system showed the ability to decolorize...     

Revealing life‐history traits by contrasting genetic estimations with predictions of effective population size

Effective population size, a central concept in conservation biology, is now routinely estimated from genetic surveys and can also be theoretically predicted from demographic, life‐history, and mating‐system data. By evaluating the consistency of theoretical predictions with empirically estimated effective size, insights can be gained regarding life‐history characteristics and the relative impact of different life‐history traits on genetic drift. These insights can be used to design and inform management strategies aimed at increasing effective population size. We demonstrated this approach by addressing the conservation of a reintroduced population of Asiatic wild ass (Equus hemionus). We estimated the variance effective size (N_ev) from genetic data () and formulated predictions for the impacts on N_ev of demography, polygyny, female variance in lifetime reproductive success (RS), and heritability of female RS. By contrasting the genetic estimation with theoretical predictions, we found that polygyny was the strongest factor affecting genetic drift because only when accounting for polygyny were predictions consistent with the genetically measured N_ev. The comparison of effective‐size estimation and predictions indicated that 10.6% of the males mated per generation when heritability of female RS was unaccounted for (polygyny responsible for 81% decrease in N_ev) and 19.5% mated when female RS was accounted for (polygyny responsible for 67% decrease in N_ev). Heritability of female RS also affected N_ev; (heritability responsible for 41% decrease in N_ev). The low effective size is of concern, and we suggest that management actions focus on factors identified as strongly affecting , namely, increasing the availability of artificial water sources to increase number of dominant males contributing to the gene pool. This approach, evaluating life‐history hypotheses in light of their impact on effective population size, and contrasting predictions with genetic measurements, is a general, applicable strategy that can be used to inform conservation practice.